دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی عملکرد صادراتی شرکت های اقتصادی نو ظهور: تاثیر ظرفیت های شرکت و محیط های سازمانی - الزویر 2018

ABSTRACT

We advance a two-stage theoretical model which contends that the export performance of emerging economy firms (EEFs) will depend both upon their firm-specific capabilities and their home institutional environments. Specifically, we argue that EEFs will be more likely to export when facing more uncertainty at home from greater political instability, substantial informal competition, and high corruption. Furthermore, we hypothesize that firms’ export intensities will be contingent upon specialized internal capabilities such as a skilled workforce, top managerial experience, and access to external technologies. We test these hypotheses using a dataset of more than 16,000 firms from the four BRIC economies (i.e., Brazil, Russia, China and India). Our results confirm that political instability and informal competition have robust effects on the export propensity of EEFs, whilst export intensity is contingent upon the availability of skilled workers and access to external technologies via licensing.

5. Discussion and conclusions

We have examined the export performance of EEFs by focusing on the combined effects of institutional elements and firm-specific capabilities to explain the two key dimensions of export performance (i.e., propensity and intensity). Our hypotheses have been underpinned by arguments drawn from institutional theory and from the resource-based view of the firm, and we have found strong empirical support for four of our six hypotheses (and weaker support for a fifth). We find that EEFs are more likely to become exporters if they perceive more political instability and greater informal competition in their home regions, while the intensity of their exporting activities are significantly related to internal capabilities such as the skill level of their workforce and access to external technologies. These findings resonate with calls in the literature (e.g. Hoskisson et al., 2000) to focus on the relationship between firms’ assets and the changing nature of their home countries’ institutional infrastructures.

Our study advances both theoretically and empirically the existing literature on EEF exports. In terms of theory, we examine the effects of both institutional factors and firm capabilities in determining two distinct, yet intertwined, dimensions of exports (i.e., propensity and intensity). Subsequently, we develop formal explanations for these dimensions of exports by combining IBV and RBV explanations that cater to the particularities of EEF capabilities and their institutional contexts. Given the inherent link between these dimensions, we are able to better explain how and why certain EEFs are more successful in terms of exports than other. Furthermore, in terms of empirics, we match our theoretical conjectures with the appropriate empirical tools and measures (i.e., Heckman selection model, sub-national measures of institutions) and we employ a unique comparative context (more than 16,000 firms from the four biggest emerging economies, i.e., Brazil, Russia, India and China) to test our theoretical conjectures. In this way we provide a more comprehensive analysis of EEF export performance and distinguish from the bulk of prior studies that have commonly focused on one or a couple of countries as a testing ground for theory. This allows us to go beyond country and industry contingencies and examine more generally EEF behaviour across several heterogeneous EE environments (Estrin et al., 2008).