دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی ادراکات فرهنگ سازمانی و شهروندی سازمانی توسط هیئت علمی - الزویر 2018

ABSTRACT

Objectives: (1) Describe perceptions of organizational culture and prevalence of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) among faculty at United States (U.S.) colleges/schools of pharmacy; (2) determine which aspects of those phenomena are strongest and which are most problematic; (3) evaluate the psychometric properties of measures for organizational culture and OCBs in academic pharmacy; and (4) identify any relationships between organizational culture and organizational citizenship among academic pharmacy faculty. Methods: A random sample of 600 U.S. academic pharmacists acquired from the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy were distributed an email survey through the use of Qualtrics technology. The procedures closely resembled the Total Design Method advocated to maximize survey response, including use of a pre-notification letter, reminders, and a nominal financial inducement. In addition to demographic questions, the survey employed multiple-item measures of organizational culture and OCBs described previously in the literature and derived from Delphi consensus-building procedures. The analysis plan incorporated use of factor and item analyses to evaluate psychometric properties of the measure and elicit the inherent domains comprising these phenomena, along with descriptive statistics to describe facets of organizational culture and OCBs that were most prevalent. Results: A total of 177 responses were delivered. Factor analysis of organizational culture revealed a five-factor solution emphasizing achievement orientation, professionalism, stability, supportiveness, and reflectiveness. OCB domains were along the possibility of faculty being virtuous, disrespectful, sportsmanlike, and benevolent/malevolent. Even while multi-faceted and avoiding a simple typological descriptor, academic pharmacy cultures were reportedly healthy. Sportsmanship, while still somewhat commonly observed, was seen less frequently than other behaviors. The measures demonstrated logical, cogent factor structures and excellent internal consistency reliability. Conclusions: Psychometrically well-performing measures were used to assess the multi-faceted organizational culture of academic pharmacy programs and the organizational citizenship behaviors of its constituent faculty. The results can be used to measure these phenomena at individual organizations for benchmarking and to inform future inquiries that can assist with development of strategies that impact academic worklife and outcomes.

Conclusion

This study was the first to measure organizational culture and to examine the occurrence of organizational citizenship behaviors reported by faculty colleagues in academic pharmacy. The work describes the multi-faceted nature of such cultures, eschewing a typological approach but still regarding those cultures as relatively healthy in spite of some need for improvement in maintaining stability/calm and leveraging human capital for achievement. Overtly malevolent anti- or negative citizenship behaviors were not widely reported, although some aspects of sportsmanship can be improved. The psychometric properties of the instruments used were very good. The results of this study should assist academic managers with measuring culture and citizenship and thus can also lay the foundation for additional work that could uncover underlying reasons for perceptions of culture and OCBs so as to develop strategies that impact outlook, climate, and overall work environment.