دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی دنباله فوقانی پارتو برای توزیع درآمد سرمایه - الزویر 2018

Abstract

We present a study of the capital income distribution and of its contribution to the total income (capital income share) using individual tax income data in Romania, for 2013 and 2014. Using a parametric representation we show that the capital income is Pareto distributed in the upper tail, with a Pareto coefficient α ∼ 1.44 which is much smaller than the corresponding coefficient for wage- and non-wageincome (excluding capital income), of α ∼ 2.53. Including the capital income contribution has the effect of increasing the overall inequality measures.

4 Conclusions

We present in this paper the first study of the capital income in Romania, using individual tax income data for 2013 and 2014. This completes a study of the income distribution performed in [29] which included only the contributions from wages and social redistribution income. We give results for the capital income shares, the inequality measures for the capital income, and its effect on the distribution and inequality of the total income. The details of the distribution of the capital income are studied using a parametric representation, which reduces in the high incomes region to a Pareto distribution.

Previous studies of the income distribution and inequality in Romania used either partial data, covering a single region [12], or used income survey data [27, 28, 38]. To our knowledge the present paper in the first such study taking into account capital income data.

Although income survey data are also available, tax records are known to be more reliable. This is especially true for capital incomes, since apart from rents (which are declared in a personal income statement), the other capital incomes are taxed at the source. For example, interest income is declared by the bank where the interest is paid, and real estate sales are declared by the public notary recording the transaction.