دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی برونسپاری برون مرزی و عملکرد شرکت: اثرات تعدیل کننده بر اندازه، رشد و منابع ضعیف - نشریه الزویر

ABSTRACT

This study explores the impact of foreign technology and professional services from outsourcing on firm financial performance. To this aim, we use a sample of 1710 Indian firms over a time period of 13 years, from 2001 to 2013. The empirical evidence obtained shows that the positive effects of technological knowledge and professional services on performance are moderated by firm size, business growth and slack resources. In particular, the benefits of outsourcing in terms of higher profitability are more pronounced for small than for large firms, especially when small firms have higher growth rates and financial slack. The work contributes to the resource based view and the internalization theory of the firm. Our results suggest that firms from an emerging country such as India may have alternative motives for offshore outsourcing different from the reasons of firms from advanced economies. Several managerial implications are also derived from our findings.

5. Conclusions

The objective of this work is to empirically examine the relationship between offshore outsourcing and performance. We provide theoretical reasons and find support for the idea that international outsourcing of specialized services and knowledge intensive activities boosts firm performance. However, we argue that the outsourcing–performance relationship is contingent on the firm ability to grow faster and the availability of slack resources. It is also proposed that the positive impact of outsourcing on financial performance is stronger in small firms, and that the moderating effects of growth rates and slack resources intensify when firms are smaller.

This study makes a significant theoretical contribution by bringing the RBV and internalization theory together. It stresses that the firm can revamp its bundle of existing resources by internalizing (or outsourcing) certain activities. Indeed, firms face several challenges and trade-offs when making internalization decisions, which ultimately determine what needs to be (or can be) internalized and what should be outsourced. A growing firm may want to concentrate on maximizing market share and, therefore, is likely to outsource intermediary resources it requires for production. The reason is that the internalization of intermediary resources (especially if these are knowledge-based specialized resources, such as technology) could take its efforts away from the exploitation of prevailing market opportunities. In a nut shell, our work emphasizes that, despite the adequacy of the RBV and internalization theory to independently explain firm growth and strategy, a joint application of these two frameworks helps us to gain better understanding of how firms maximize their performance. The two frameworks complement each other as firms harmoniously apply their principles in formulating a resource restructuring strategy to achieve higher performance.