دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی فرهنگ سازمانی: چشم انداز پایه ای - امرالد 2017

1. Introduction

Management research tends to focus on the nature and consequences of managerial actions whereas business research primarily focuses on the determinants of corporate performance (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe, & Jackson 2012). In the complex and dynamic environment in which businesses function today the culture of an organization is recognized as a crucial dimension that can either be an asset or a hindrance in shaping behavior in organizations and in achieving longterm organizational success (NuñezRamírez, WendlandtAmezag, & Álvarez Medina, 2016). As such, developing knowledge and understanding of organizational culture becomes increasingly important. Therefore, it is not surprising that organizational culture (hereafter also OC) has been identified as a focus area in academic research of organizational theory, as well as in management practice (Alvesson, 2012).

Traditionally methodological approaches employed in business research has been divided into quantitative and qualitative research (Bryman & Bell, 2015). This basic methodological distinctions have also been used in OC research (Martin, 2002; Pearse & Kanyangale, 2009). Janićijević (2011) believes that an understanding of a complex phenomenon, such as OC, could be enhanced by employing a wider array of methodological approaches.

6. Discussion and conclusion

The review of the literature on OC shows clear evidence of the appropriateness of the proposed framework for classifying research orientations in this field of endeavour. It provides a more nuanced and comprehensive perspective than the current intellectual polarisation in the OC literature allows for.

OC scholarship in the Type I (culture theory) mode gives evidence of the theoreticalintegrative quest to find the most encompassing of frames or possible ideas related to the phenomenon. Type II (culture science) research in this field operates in the standard scientific paradigm of empirical, hypothesis-testing studies. The aim is to provide objective explanations of various elements of OC, also in its relationship with other organizational variables. Type III (culture narrative) research is about recounting the lived experiences of, and meaning of organizational life for its members, using a variety of methods such as content analysis, in-depth interview and case studies, and metaphorical descriptions. Type IV (culture development) research concerns itself with activities and programs aimed at influencing, changing, even transforming organizations in terms of its basic management philosophies, values, norms and corresponding policies and practices