دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی رویکرد جدید برای جایگزینی یک گره خرابی در شبکه حسگر بی سیم - اشپرینگر 2016

Abstract

In the recent years, there has been a growing interest in wireless sensor networks (WSN). Network’s lifetime depends on energy efficiency and load balancing where connectivity is a very important factor. However, such connectivity can be lost due to the failure of some sensor nodes which creates disruptions to the network operations, lead to a reconfiguration of the network by generating energy losses, or in another case, the network mission fails. Energy conservation is a very important problem in WSN. In this paper, we propose a new solution for the connectivity problem when failure nodes are considered. The replacement of failed nodes is done in two phases: the first one is the search of redundant nodes using the clusterheads; the second phase is a restoration of connectivity. Performance evaluation of the proposed replacement approach shows that the results are globally satisfactory.

6 Conclusion

Wireless sensors networks are generally deployed in hard and difficult access environments, where the breakdowns or failures of sensor nodes are possible. These nodes failures can harm the connectivity of the entire network. In other words, the network can be partitioned where a set of nodes can be disconnected from the total network; and consequently, the connectivity between the separate parts of this network loss. To answer this connectivity loss, we have proposed a novel approach for replacement of a failure node based on two phases, by carrying out replacements according to a distributed algorithm. The principal goal of this proposed approach is to restore the network connectivity by exploiting the sensors mobility. The idea is to share the consumption of energy needed to the connectivity restoration, with several sensors in order to minimize the early failures of the sensor nodes, and thus to prolong the lifetime of the entire network. Performance evaluations show that our NARF approach consumes less energy, and generates less overhead messages when increasing the communication range, but when the communication range is small, our approach generates more messages compared to DRFN or C3R approaches.

As prospects, we envisage, in one hand, to compare our NARF approach with other related approaches and with other metrics. On the other hand, to adapt to some specific environments such as underwater sensor networking constitutes a potential application, and we envisage in the future work to treat the case of heterogeneous sensor nodes. In this case, the batteries of sensor nodes have various capacities, we must initially replace %energy (percentage of energy) in Formula 1 by energy_rate (rate of energy) in measuring unit Joule, because in our work -replacement of a failing node- the important criterion is a remaining rate of energy.