دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی مقایسه استراتژی های ملی در فرانسه، آلمان و سوئیس برای DRR و مدیریت بحران مرزی - الزویر 2018

Abstract

The ESPREssO project (funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, under Grant Agreement No. 700342) prioritises the need for overcoming barriers to disaster risk reduction (DRR) in Europe, with cross-border crisis management identified as one of its three central challenges. In this paper, we present a synthesis of the different legal, policy and scientific approaches to DRR in France, Germany and Switzerland, through work carried out for the ESPREssO project on the basis of stakeholder interviews and an analysis of legal and policy references. A comparison of these three differing DRR strategies is then carried out, focusing specifically on resulting impacts for cross-border crisis management, capitalizing on lessons learned from the tri-national border region Upper Rhine Valley to complete the analysis.

6. Discussion

According to experts interviewed in the context of the ESPREssO project, procedural and legal frameworks on flood management have substantially improved within the last 15 years in particular in terms of flood warning, where clear regulations and agreements are in place in most of the regions. The Floods Directive and the Water Framework Directive were decisive for improved transboundary management of natural hazards. As a legal act, mandatory for EU members, the directive has been a crucial step towards cooperation and joint objective-setting across national borders. This is why most initiatives mentioned by experts as best practices in transboundary disaster management were related to riverine and coastal risks, such as the ICPR.

Every border region is different, however, and in many ways unique, in terms of how best to bring actors together in compromise and in planning for potential disasters or “tests” to the system of their shared resources, be that an alpine lake, trans-boundary river or otherwise. This will depend largely on the historical interactions between the regions and their governments, and can either provide many avenues for mutual benefit and positive opportunities, or it can become strained, if for example, communication is not readily upheld on both sides, and supported by a twoway flow of information (top-down and bottom-up).