دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی ایمونولوژی تغذیه ای مولکولی و سرطان - الزویر 2018

abstract

The immune system composed of cells that are sensitive to a series of surrounding factors and forming an integrated network. During the last decade a significant increase in the number of studies demonstrated that diet components released from adipocytes and metabolic pathways, affected the immune system and highly contributed to the human health. T-cells are significantly affected by nutrition. Decrease in glucose uptake and metabolism, cytokine synthesis, T-cell proliferation and survival in addition to decrease in circulating leptin level have been observed in cases of heavy malnutritions. It has also been shown that leptin represents an important link between nutrition and immunity. Additionally, the effects of diet components on epigenetic mechanisms were also found essential in regulation of the immunity-related genes. The microbiota has also been showen to be a significant factor in the formation and protection of the human immunity. In addition to supply adequate energy and protein requirements for immune system, supporting the immune system with specific nutrients (omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, trace elements, flavonoids, etc.) is also important. Because they are also required to combat with local or systemic inflammation by strengthening the mucosal, cellular, and humoral immunity. Recently, the concept of immuno-nutrition has been applied with considerable interest. Nutritional Immunology, as a discipline, aims to understand nutritional factors influencing on immune responses.

7. Conclusion

In conclusion, cellular stress may be of pathogenic, nutritional, oncogenic or physical origin. Cellular stress includes principal reflection, such as response to DNA damage, tumor suppressor genes and activation of aging. In contrast, the secondary response to cellular stress is the activation of immune system, and natural killer cells (NK) may indirectly activate the immune system. However, intrinsic responses can directly activate the immune system; and it was also demonstrated that some chemotherapies could not be effective without the presence of an immune system. This raises a question: to approach more specific and more reliable treatments for the activation of intrinsic and extrinsic responses, how can we use the effectiveness of therapeutic agents? In addition to these therapeutic agents, positive roles played by nutrients in the immune system should not be forgotten. However, one should consider that the positive effect of nutrients is produced at the correct dose, in the correct form, and through the correct delivery of the condition. A better understanding of the mechanisms related to nutrients and the immune system is an exciting and promising field for the future. The development of broad spectrum of studies in this field and improvement of clinical results with medical diet models may support the development of further strategies related with microbiota and immunity.