دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی پروژه های عظیم تعریف شده - ضرورت اجتماعی - امرالد 2017

Abstract:

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview from the literature on how best to define megaprojects in contemporary contexts. There is a need for a definition that encompasses a complex matrix of characteristics, inclusive of positive and negative aspects, which are not necessarily industry or sector specific. Whilst megaprojects have often been described and defined in terms of cost, they are more accurately delineated by their convolutions. Intricacies arise from political intrigues surrounding funding of such projects and managing and governing complex social and organisational relations. Points for future research are also identified, including: contexts; procurement; institutional perspectives; constituting megaproject cultures; and sustainability. Design/methodology/approach An analysis of international megaproject literature over the past five years combined with seminal works was undertaken. Drawing on the broad literature of project and program management combined with elements of organizational theory. Whilst some examples are cited, in depth case analysis has not been covered. Findings Albeit that the scale of some megaprojects is comparable to national GDP's, seven more characteristics beyond size have been identified which, distinguish megaprojects from large projects. These include: reach; duration; risks and uncertainties; widely disparate actors; areas of controversy such as dispute resolution; and legal and regulatory issues. Originality/value Rigorous stakeholder engagement is critical for success in megaprojects and collaborative learnings need to be exchanged. The longer term social and economic impacts need to be viewed as an imperative rather than a hindrance to the planning and execution of megaprojects and complexity rather than cost more aptly defines megaprojects.

8. Conclusions

Understanding some of the mechanisms behind the technical issues is only part of the story for improving the completion of megaprojects. The impetus for the ongoing development of megaprojects is a complex convergence of social, economic, engineering and scientific ventures. The issues raised in this paper bring into question the need for value and competitive advantage on a much different level. Megaprojects occupy an important place in global relations and drive a number of explicit and implicit economic agendas. The multitude of tasks that bring them to the point of completion is an illusion, as megaprojects are entities of an ongoing nature. In reality, all tasks associated with the development of megaprojects are connected to complex practices that require a dynamic and ambidextrous way of thinking around projects and the manner in which they are carried out. The contemplation of megaprojects paradoxically brings into light a vortex of positives and negatives, depending on the elements at play and the technical and business competence of those involved. They are seen as a force of massive prosperity and economic success for stakeholders. They are also seen as destructive forces of doom and massive failure, outmoded projects in a time where resources are scarce and environmental concerns dominate. The uncontrollability factor lies at the crux of megaprojects and the compelling need to seek mastery in the form of highly competent technical expertise and engineering brilliance – This paper has explored some of the ways humanity seeks to tame these juggernauts of mixed blessing, better known as megaprojects.