دانلود رایگان مقاله مدیریت فرصت طلبی در موسسات مشترک بین المللی: نقش مکانیسم های ساختاری و اجتماعی

ABSTRACT

Building on transaction cost economics (TCE) and social exchange theory (SET), we develop an integrated framework in which reducing opportunism requires two sets of mechanisms: (1) structural mechanisms of symmetric dependence, symmetric equity share and resource complementarity, and (2) social mechanisms of trust, communication and cultural adaptation. The framework is tested empirically using web-survey data collected from 89 IJVs established by Nordic firms in Asia, Europe and America. Empirical data analysis based on structural equation modelling shows that TCE proposed mechanisms of symmetric dependence and resource complementarity, and SET proposed mechanisms of trust, communication and cultural adaptation reduce opportunism. Contrary to expectation, the structural mechanism of symmetric equity share does not reduce opportunism. In addition, interesting results are found related to interaction effects between social and structural mechanisms in relation to reducing opportunism.

5. Discussion and implications

On many fronts, our understanding of mechanisms that reduce opportunism in IJVs has been enriched by the work of innovative scholars in the areas of management and international business. This includes research involving structural mechanisms to reduce opportunism (e.g., Das & Rahman, 2010; Hennart & Zeng, 2005; Luo, 2007a; Parkhe, 1993; Zeng, 1998; Zhang & Rajagopalan, 2002) and social mechanisms to reduce opportunism (e.g., Deeds & Hill, 1998; Kale et al., 2000; Wathne & Heide, 2000). Yet the scholarly work on the mechanisms to reduce opportunism has been fragmented, in that prior empirical studies have mainly focused on either the structural or social mechanisms and have analysed limited number of mechanisms. Furthermore, prior empirical studies have not investigated the interactions between structural and social mechanisms in reducing opportunism. In this research, we sought to move beyond the conventional focus of prior scholarly work that either focused on structural or social mechanisms to reduce opportunism. Extending earlier work on the topic, we developed an integrated framework of reducing opportunism that comprises three structural mechanisms of symmetric dependence, symmetric equity share, and resource complementarity from TCE and three social mechanisms of trust, communication, and cultural adaptation from SET, and empirically tested their main and interaction effects in reducing opportunism. Thus, we advance the early works of Deeds and Hill (1998), Hennart and Zeng (2005), Luo (2007a), Parkhe (1993), Zeng (1998). Zhang and Rajagopalan (2002), Kale et al. (2000) and Wathne and Heide (2000) in two specific ways: (1) by developing an integrated framework for reducing opportunism in which both the three structural mechanisms from TCE and the three social mechanisms from SET are incorporated, and (2) by empirically testing the interaction effects between structural and social mechanisms in their relation to opportunism in IJVs.