دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی ارزیابی چرخه حیات و حسابداری هزینه های محیطی سوخت زغال سنگ در چین - الزویر 2018

ABSTRACT

It is necessary to analyze the environmental impact of the entire process of coal-fired power generation to take effective measures for controlling energy consumption and reducing pollutant emission. However, very few studies have examined the coal mining, washing and transportation stages in the life cycle of coal-fired power generation and it's environmental cost. In this study, the life cycle assessment (LCA) method was adopted to analyze the environmental impact of coal-fired power generation in China. Further, the relevant cost theory was used to calculate the resource consumption cost and external environmental cost of coal-fired power generation. The key environmental impact category was smoke and dust, and the main emissions were CO2, CO, SO2, TSP, COD, and boiler ash. The emissions with high environmental cost were coal, SO2, COD, and boiler ash. The environmental cost at the power generation stage was the highest, with a value of $50.24. The resource consumption cost and external environmental cost per unit of MWh power in the life cycle was $46.01 and $22.90, respectively. Upgrading the facilities for emission reduction, improving emission standards of pollutants, and strengthening process management of coal-fired power generation are effective ways to reduce the burden on the environment.

4. Conclusions and policy implications

This study adopted the LCA and cost accounting theory to evaluate China's coal-fired power generation technology. The emissions with the greatest environmental impact were CO2, CO, SO2, TSP, COD, and boiler ash. The contribution rates to environmental impact of smoke and dust was the highest, accounting for 63.33%. The environmental impact was different at different stages of the life cycle of coal-fired power generation. The mid-point impact category of global warming had the greatest impact in the coal mining stage and power generation stages, whereas smoke and dust had great impact in the coal washing and transportation stages. The resource consumption cost per 1 MWh production of power in the life cycle of coal-fired generation was approximately $46.01. The emissions generated by coal, gasoline, diesel, water and steel had relatively high resource consumption costs. The external environmental cost per 1 MWh production of power in the life cycle of coal-fired generation was approximately $22.90, while the proportions of costs of air pollution, water pollution and solid waste pollution were 96.42%, 2.12%, and 1.46%, respectively. There were also great differences in the resource consumption cost and external environmental cost at different stages. The resource consumption and external environmental costs were the highest in the power generation stage.