دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی قدرت تفکر و بی پردگی با پیش بینی متمایز تحت تاثیر قرار گرفتگی - الزویر 2019

ABSTRACT

The characteristics of Openness and Intellect suggest they may be differentially correlated with affect. In Study 1 (n = 224) we examined associations between Openness/Intellect and well-being. Additionally, we included variables related to ability perception: subjectively assessed intelligence and satisfaction with intelligence. In Study 2 (n = 216) we explored how Intellect/Openness predict subjective stress states related to performance of intelligence tests. Across studies, Intellect was consistently correlated with more positive affective states (mood and satisfaction), and lower stress. Openness – affect associations were inconsistent across studies, although Openness correlated with higher task-related worry and lower positive emotionality. Furthermore, in Study 1, satisfaction with one's intelligence fully mediated associations between Intellect and measures of positive affect. In Study 2, worry mediated the association between Intellect and intelligence test performance.

4. Discussion

Findings from two studies confirm the importance of DeYoung et al.'s (2007) distinction between Openness and Intellect aspects for understanding the affective correlates of the broader Openness/Intellect factor. Across both studies, Intellect was consistently correlated with more positive affective states, including multiple dimensions of mood and satisfaction (Study 1), and the broader state dimensions assessed by the DSSQ (Study 2). By contrast, Openness – affect associations were weak and inconsistent across studies, although Openness was associated with lower energetic arousal in Study 1 and higher posttask worry in Study 2. Moreover, after controlling for Intellect, Openness was associated with lower positive affect and hedonic tone. The answer to the first research question posed previously (Q1) is that the two aspects are differentially associated with a range of well-being outcomes, including both affective and cognitive scales. Studies also identified mediating pathways for associations between Intellect and outcome variables. In Study 1, satisfaction with one's intelligence fully mediated associations between Intellect and several measures of positive affect, suggesting a cognitive mechanism for mediation (Q2). In Study 2, worry mediated the association between Intellect and objective intelligence test performance, showing that performance enhancements associated with Intellect may be attributable to cognitive components of subjective state (Q3).

In the remainder of this discussion, we discuss two general issues raised by these findings. First, we consider mechanisms for the differing affective outcomes of the two aspects of Openness/Intellect. Second, we address possible explanations for associations between Intellect, objective performance and worry. We also outline limitations and directions for further research.