دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی یک مدل یکپارچه برای تخصیص و تقسیم منابع انسانی در پروژه های فناوری اطلاعات - امرالد 2017

Abstract

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose an integrated model for allocation and leveling of human resources in IT projects. Design/methodology/approach – A single case study was conducted in a large company of IT outsourcing services, which were assessed the management of 14 projects. The survey was conducted through interviews with project managers, and digital files and internal documents of the organization related to these projects. Findings – In the analysis, it was identified that the critical path is not identified in all projects, and even when this happens, resources are not allocated in the first tasks in that path. A committee controls the allocation of resources with the assessment of skills, but there is no control of all resource constraints. Research limitations/implications – The main limiting factors for this study are: use of data of one company in the IT industry, making it difficult to generalize the model for other sectors companies; it was noted during interviews that the project managers interviewed do not always know in detail all the company’s processes for allocation and resource leveling, due to the large number of processes and different management activities of these professionals. Practical implications – A model and actions for this implementation was proposed, such as training for the use of the technique of critical path; allocation and leveling done simultaneously; decisions of the management committee based on information of availability, key skills, holidays, days off of human resources; development of a software tool that integrates this information, generating graphical interfaces that are not provided by project management software with the use of an allocation factor. Social implications – The characteristics of the proposed model, as well as the use of the allocation factor, can help managers to validate their allocation models and leveling of human resources in an integrated manner. Originality/value – The study explains that the granularity of analysis of resource allocation increases by decomposition of the duration of each activity in fixed time segments. It is suggested to use the mathematical concept of the allocation factor (Fa).

5. Conclusions

To meet the objective of proposing a model of integrated allocation and leveling of human resources in the planning of IT projects, the single case study method was applied, based on interviews with ten project managers of various levels of seniority, as well as on multiple documents: reports used by the organization’s PMO, project plans, the minutes of kick-off project meetings and allocation of human resources planning.

In building the literature base regarding current practices, important items emerged, such as the need to identify the critical path, having critical path tasks as a starting point for human resource allocation to avoid delays in these tasks and consequently the project, issues regarding the quantity of resource constraints or also the sharing of these resources with other projects in a multi-project environment. Other points presented in the literature were related to methods or models that support decision making, a centralized database with human resource availability and constraints and competencies, the leveling of human resources running simultaneously with the allocations and software tools suggested for the purposes identified as Microsoft Project© and Microsoft Excel©. These practices served as the basis for formulating the study proposals presented in this article, which, in turn, served to outline the protocol applied as well as the analysis carried out.