دانلود رایگان مقاله نفوذ دسترسی سازمانی و سرمایه اجتماعی در تصمیم سازگاری

Abstract

An understanding of the factors that shape resource-poor households' heterogeneity in adopting adaptation strategies is crucial in developing adaptation policies. This research examines the determinants of household adaptation choices and the barriers to adaptation. It also focuses on the influence of institutional access and social capital on adaptation choice as a way forward to support and sustain local adaptation process by using the survey data of 380 hazards-prone vulnerable households in Bangladesh. The results reveal that households are implementing adaptation strategies such as diversifying crops, tree plantation (adopted by large and medium farmers), and homestead gardening and migration (adopted by small and landless farmers). Barriers to adaptation are observed heterogeneously among the farming groups where access to credit and lack of information on appropriate adaptation strategies are among the important barriers to adaptation. The model results indicate that the choice of adaptation strategies is significantly influenced by social capital and access to institutions. To support adaptation locally and to enhance vulnerable households' resilience to better cope with riverbank erosion and other climatic change issues, interventions by the government through planned adaptation, such as access to institutions and credit facilities, and a package of technologies through agro-ecological based research are required.

5. Conclusions and Policy Implications

Bangladesh is located in disaster-prone area resulting in recurrent floods, cyclones surges and perennial riverbank erosion problem. Local level adaptation strategies are the key to reducing the impacts of such hazards on agriculture, food production and the vulnerability of rural households. This research goes beyond examining the determinants of hazard-prone resource-poor rural households' local adaptation choices and the barriers to adaptation. It focuses on the influence of institutional access and social capital on adaptation choice as a way forward to support and sustain local adaptation process of these vulnerable households. The MNL model passes the assumptions of the IIA and does not suffer from the potential multicollinearity, heteroskedasticity and endogeneity problems as confirmed by the statistical tests. The study reveals that households have somewhat responded to the riverbank erosion hazards and other climate change issues through adopting a range of adaptation strategies depending on their socioeconomic and household characteristics, and access to institutional facilities and social capital. Migration appears to be an important adaptation strategy for small and landless farmers in particular while other important adaptation strategies are diversifying crops and varieties, diversifying income sources, adjusting plantation time and techniques, planting trees and homestead gardening. The important barriers to adopting the adaptation strategies include a lack of information about riverbank erosion and related climatic issues, a lack of knowledge about appropriate strategies, unsuitable crop varieties, the limitations of one's own land and limited access to credit.