دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی ابتکارات نوآوری در شرکت های نرم افزاری بزرگ: مطالعه نقشه برداری سیستماتیک - الزویر 2018

Abstract

Context: To keep the competitive advantage and adapt to changes in the market and technology, companies need to innovate in an organised, purposeful and systematic manner. However, due to their size and complexity, large companies tend to focus on the structure in maintaining their business, which can potentially lower their agility to innovate. Objective: The aims of this study are to provide an overview of the current research on innovation initiatives and to identify the challenges of implementing those initiatives in the context of large software companies. Method: The investigation was primarily performed using a systematic mapping approach of published literature on corporate innovation and entrepreneurship, which was then complemented with interviews with four experts with rich industry experience. Results: Our mapping study results suggest that, there is a lack of high quality empirical studies on innovation initiative in the context of large software companies. A total of 7 studies are conducted in the context of large software companies, which reported 5 types of initiatives: intrapreneurship, bootlegging, internal venture, spin-off and crowdsourcing. Our study offers three contributions. First, this paper represents the map of existing literature on innovation initiatives inside large companies. The second contribution of this paper is to provide an innovation initiative tree. The third contribution is to identify key challenges faced by each initiative in large software companies. Conclusions: At the strategic and tactical levels, there is no difference between large software companies and other companies. At the operational level, large software companies are highly influenced by the advancement of Internet technology. In addition, large software companies use open innovation paradigm as part of their innovation initiatives. We envision our future work is to further empirically evaluate the innovation initiative tree in large software companies. More practitioners from different companies should be involved in the future studies.

8. Conclusion and Future Work

While entrepreneurship emphasises on exploring and exploiting new opportunities to create wealth, innovation is a specific tool to find those opportunities. This paper presents an in-depth review of innovation initiative in large companies. A total of 38 primary studies were identified which discussed how large companies continuously innovate. As a result 9 different types of innovation initiative were found. Our study results find that in strategic and tactical level, there is no difference between large software companies and other large companies, whilst in the operational level, large software companies are influenced by Internet technology. In addition, large software companies use open innovation paradigm as part of their innovation initiatives. Our interview results confirm that all initiatives are also practised in large software companies. However, not all of them are implemented as a mean to generate innovation, but rather business as usual. Our mapping study results also suggest that there is a lack of high quality empirical studies on innovation initiative in the context of large software companies. A total of 7 studies are conducted in the context of large software companies, which reported 5 types of innovation initiatives: intrapreneurship, bootlegging, internal venture, spin-off and crowdsourcing.