دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی تفاوت های فردی در اثرات مداخله روانشناسی مثبت: روانشناسی کاربردی - الزویر 2018

ABSTRACT

Objectives: A 6-week multicomponent positive psychology intervention (PPI) was assessed with the primary aim of determining its effects on affective variables including anxiety, depression and psychological distress, as well as processual ones, such as mindfulness and emotion regulation. Exploratory investigations were conducted to consider changes in individual differences according to baseline characteristics. Method: Participants were from a community sample of the French population. They were assigned to the control (n = 43) or intervention group (n = 59). Self-assessment measures included the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory and the General Health Questionnaire. Results: Trait anxiety, depressive symptoms and psychological distress significantly decreased over the course of the PPI in comparison to the control group. Regarding processual variables, mindfulness increased with a large effect size, acceptance and positive reappraisal increased, and scores for other-blame strategy significantly decreased. Exploratory analyses showed that mindfulness and positive reappraisal tended to increase even more when participants' initial levels were low. Conclusion: Future clinical interventions should account for baseline characteristics to ensure that participants are referred to the most effective, suitable programs for their own needs.

4. Discussion

This study investigated how a multicomponent PPI could promote changes in affect by exploring the underlying potential mechanisms and the different patterns of change over the course of the intervention. First, this self-administered intervention experienced less attrition than the rates reported in the literature. Indeed, up to 87% of the initial sample returned post-test data, and 54% of the intervention group completed > 75% of the activities. As hypothesized, and consistent with the literature, we witnessed moderate changes between pre-test and post-test in affective variables such as trait anxiety, depression symptoms and psychological distress (Sin & Lyubomirsky, 2009). Mindful attention in daily life significantly improved over the course of the intervention with a strong effect, while slight patterns in change occurred for acceptance, positive reappraisal and other-blame among the cognitive emotion regulation strategies assessed with the CERQ (Garnefski et al., 2001).

This multicomponent intervention represented an opportunity to target different underlying regulatory processes through six main axes (Quoidbach, Mikolajczak, & Gross, 2015). The variety of activities might explain the slightly better attrition rate compared to those of other studies, as this diversity could have acted as a protective factor against hedonic adaptation to positive outcomes (Parks et al., 2012; Parks-Sheiner, 2009; Roepke et al., 2015; Schueller & Parks, 2012). Indeed, the participants might have found adequate and relevant activities that they could implement in their daily life, as proposed in the person-activity fit model (Schueller & Parks, 2012). Considering the discrepancy between engagement in appreciated activities and the benefits received, offering a large variety of activities by axis might have enhanced strategies that otherwise were neglected (Parks et al., 2012). Additionally, given the mostly fixed program, participants could experiment with activities they were not familiar with, potentially building additional competencies (Quoidbach et al., 2015; Schueller & Parks, 2012).