دانلود رایگان مقاله مدل نوآوری سرزمینی گرنبل: GIANT: آیا سرمایه گذاری در زیرساخت های تحقیقاتی ارزشمند است؟

abstract

Over the past decades, the EU heavily invested in Research Infrastructures (RI). What are the expected returns of such investments? In the present article we address the question of returns on public funds/public infrastructures. We consider the role of RI and universities from an economic, social, and entrepreneurial perspective from various Territorial Innovation Models (TIMs): (1) Italian industrial districts, (2) innovative milieus, (3) regional innovation systems, (4) new industrial spaces, and (5) regional clusters. We conducted our empirical study on Grenoble Isère Alpes Nanotechnologies (GIANT), which is composed of large scientific instruments, universities, and engineering and management schools. Our microeconomic methodology measured the socioeconomic and entrepreneurial effects of GIANT with respect to budget, employment, and spin-off generation. We contribute to the existing body of knowledge on TIMs by (1) comparing the long-term investments to the generation of wealth, the creation of employment, and the development of start-ups; (2) adding new insights to the debate opposing positive and negative impacts empirical studies; and (3) offering recommendations for the use of public resources. In our discussion, we compare the GIANT model as a very localized RI-university club to the Grenoble model as localized cluster.

6. Conclusion

In conclusion, we argue that the investments made in GIANT (€2.81 billion) are worthwhile from a social aspect (7609 direct employment, 25,757 students, 217,000 alumni, and 56,416 visitor days), from an economic aspect (annual induced economic impact of €1.2 billion and an annual total economic impact of €3.2 billion), and from an entrepreneurship aspect (5700 jobs created by spin-offs and by entrepreneurial alumni).