دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی تناسب اندام و فواید سلامتی تیم آموزشی هندبال برای زنان جوان مبتدی - یک نظم RCT مقطعی - الزویر 2018

Abstract

Purpose: The present study evaluated the effects of regular participation in small-sided team handball training on body composition, osteogenic response, physical performance, and cardiovascular risk factors, as well as well-being and motivation, in young untrained women. Methods: Twenty-eight untrained 20- to 30-year-old women were randomized to a handball training group (HG; n = 14, height 170 §5 cm, weight 73 §11 kg, VO2peak 37.7 §4.1 mL/min/kg) that trained 1.7 §0.3 times per week over 12 weeks (70 min 4 v 4 handball sessions) or an inactive control group (CG; n = 14, 169§5 cm, 71 §12 kg, 38.1 §3.7 mL/min/kg). Physiological and psychological and motivational training adaptations were assessed pre- and post-intervention by dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scans, blood sampling, physical tests, and questionnaires. Results: The average heart rate (HR) over all training sessions was equal to 85% § 6% HRmax. Between-group intervention effects were observed in favor of HG for muscle mass (2.1%, p = 0.024), proximal femur bone mineral density (0.8%, p = 0.041), Yo-Yo IE1 intermittent endurance test level 1 (IE1) performance (35%, p < 0.001), and incremental treadmill test performance (11.5%, p = 0.003), but not total fat mass (p = 0.176), mean arterial blood pressure (p = 0.328), resting HR (p = 0.219), or blood lipids (p = 0.298
0.854). In CG, no changes were observed in any of the measured physiological variables after the training period. Compared to CG, HG had an increase in intrinsic motivation (p < 0.001) and in the well-being subscale “energy” (p = 0.010). Conclusion: Participation in regular recreational team handball training organized as small-sided games has marked beneficial effects on physical performance, musculoskeletal fitness, well-being, and motivation in untrained young women.

5. Conclusion

For young women, recreational handball represents intermittent high-intensity exercise that leads to beneficial effects on bone mineral density, muscle mass, and performance. It will be interesting to observe whether future studies in other populations are able to detect changes in cardiovascular fitness, which the present study failed to demonstrate. The young women in the present study had a superior cardiovascular risk profile, which may partly explain why there were no changes in cardiovascular fitness. In addition, recreational handball seems to increase some aspects of well-being and motivation. These results can likely be applied to other populations, though it remains to be investigated whether the results would be even better in sample populations with a more vulnerable psychological profile.