دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی اپی ژنتیک و پیامدهای آن برای سلامت دهان - الزویر 2018

Abstract:

Background: Over the last decade, we have been able to understand the role of various genetic processes involved in the oral diseases. However, In past few years, much of stresses has been paid to understand the regulation of these genetic processes controlled by the epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic processes regulate the gene activity without altering underlying DNA sequences, through mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs. These epigenetic processes are significantly associated with various oral health problems including periodontitis, oral cancer. Highlights: Different strategies like Genome-wide DNA methylation studies, microRNA based profiling studies, next-generation RNA sequencing analyses have been proven to be helpful in establishing the relationship among these epigenetic processes and gene expression. A few studies also suggest an emerging association of various epigenetic biomarkers in oral cancer and periodontal diseases. Conclusion: Epigenetic mechanisms are highly sensitive and reversible, thereby offers significant potential for their use to develop novel diagnostic tools, pharmacotherapies and personalized based treatment care. However, there is lack of integrated approaches combining epigenomics with proteomics and genomics comparing the usefulness of epigenetic biomarkers in oral health research.

5 Conclusion:

Epigenetics has opened new doors for clinical and basic science research in the field of dental/oral health research. Epigenetic modifications have been widely studied in various oral pathologies, but their causative factors are less studied especially in periodontal disease. There is need to explore the effect of epigenetic changes in the pathogenesis of the periodontitis, oral cancer and to understand dysregulated signaling pathways behind them. Since environmental changes or exposure (exposome) significantly impacts the epigenome, the molecular events regulated by exposome should be well studied to understand the development of dental or oral pathologies. By assessing the information from these studies including exposomes, genomes, epigenomes, proteomes, and metabolomes, a personalized medicine approach can be drawn in periodontal diseases as well. The information collected in the form of biomarkers will allow the dentist/clinicians to decide if specific therapy responds to specific pathology in a specific individual.