دانلود رایگان مقاله زمان موثر سیاست گردشگری

Abstract

In this paper, we examine the effective timing of economic policies actions in the tourism industry of a small open economy such as Singapore. The effective timing of policy actions is an open challenge issue to researchers and also a much needed rule of thumb to policy makers and private agents. This paper aims to (a) derive the influencing factors of a tourism demand function and (b) identify the time impact of these factors, thus, allowing the formulations of effective policy actions, by both, governmental tourism authorities and private tourism agents in Singapore. Our findings suggest that tourism government authorities and private tourism agents in Singapore should choose the timing of their actions depending upon the anticipated factor changes and their estimated impact. That is, if exchange rate variability is anticipated then policy actions should start at least twelve months prior to the start of the tourist period. If, a keen price competition is expected to prevail then the best timing of policy actions is nine months ahead the tourism period. If income improvements in origin countries could be expected, then a rather shorter timing action of six months would be available to tourism authorities and private agents in Singapore.

6. Conclusions and policy implications

In this paper, we examine the effective timing of economic policies actions in the tourism industry of a small open economy. The choice of examining effectiveness of economic policy actions in the tourism sector is because, by its nature, tourism sector is facing both internal and external constraints and responds continuously to them. Therefore, formulating effective policy actions is not only an open challenge to researchers but it may also equip policy makers and private agents with a rule of thumb for effective tourism policy actions as to “how” and “when” to act. A typical example of such an economy is Singapore that provides extended quarterly data. In this paper we, first, derive the influencing factors of the tourism demand function. However, knowing the affecting factors of tourism demand function and ignoring their time impact does not help in formulating effective responses from tourism policy authorities and private tourism agents in Singapore. For this reason, we extend the literature of tourism demand function by identifying the time dependence of these factors. This extension, allows us to formulate the best timing (effectiveness) of, both, governmental tourism policy and private agents’ tourism actions.