دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی به اشتراک گذاری هزینه در پیشگیری از اختلال در زنجیره تامین - هینداوی 2017

We examine the influence of cost-sharing mechanism on the disruption prevention investment in a supply chain with unreliable suppliers. When a supply chain faces considerable loss following a disruption, supply chain members are motivated toward investing in manners that reduce their disruption probability. In improving supply chain reliability, the cost-sharing mechanism must be set appropriately to realize the efficiency of the disruption prevention investment. In a supply chain where the focal manufacturing company has its own subsidiary supplier and an outsourcing supplier, we analyze different forms of cost-sharing mechanisms when both suppliers confront disruption risks. Through the cost-sharing mechanisms presented in this study, supply chain members can improve their reliability via disruption prevention investments without considerably increasing the total supply chain cost. We present two concepts, the cost-sharing structure and the cost-sharing ratio, in this study. As the two key components of cost-sharing mechanism, these two elements constitute a practicable cost allocation mechanism to facilitate disruption prevention.

6. Conclusion

To deal with the increasingly severe consequences of supply chain disruption, the development of efficient methods to reduce the vulnerability of the globalized supply chain becomes an essential undertaking for both researchers and practitioners. In this study, we investigated the problem of disruption loss sharing and prevention investment in a supply chain facing supply risks. When internalizing the expected loss from supply chain disruption, suppliers become motivated to contribute to disruption prevention investment that will influence the entire supply chain. As with their production processes, the suppliers can make certain investments to improve their own reliability. The distribution of the supply chain disruption loss influences the suppliers’ investment motive. Therefore, a proper mechanism should be established to achieve the efficiency of the supply chain disruption prevention.

We presented two types of cost-sharing structures in this study: the divided and united cost-sharing structures. The two methods differ from each other mainly in the manner of identifying the accountability for the loss arising from the supply chain disruption. In the divided cost-sharing structure, suppliers are responsible for the disruption due to their own failure, but they share the costs incurred from joint failure. In the united sharing structure, suppliers share the supply chain loss whenever disruption occurs. Comparing the two types of cost-sharing structures, we found that supply chain reliability can be efficiently improved without significant increase in investment with the divided sharing structure. The reason is that when motivated by the prospect of being held responsible for their own failure, suppliers will reinforce their disruption prevention activities to reduce their own disruption probability. Such prevention efforts simultaneously benefit the entire supply chain. Without this positive externality, the united cost-sharing structure loses a certain amount of efficiency. Nevertheless, the united sharing structure may still prove to be competitive in practice. Under this structure, the focal company can control outsourcing suppliers by adjusting the cost-sharing ratio given its edge in terms of bargaining power.