دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی ثبات و اصلاح در زنجیره تامین خرده فروشی - وایلی 2018

Practitioners and researchers describe inventory service level with metrics that communicate the likelihood of demand fulfillment without considering the ongoing capabilities of the supplier, for example, in-stock and fill rate. We develop a method for measuring inventory service level that incorporates such supplier capabilities, namely consistency (the ability of a supplier to fulfill orders repeatedly) and recovery (the ability of a supplier to fulfill orders after a lapse in service). Using data from two retail supply chains, we illustrate our approach. To demonstrate the impact of consistency and recovery on supply chain performance, we model a retailer purchasing from competing suppliers with different levels of consistency and recovery. The model incorporates the retailer’s uncertainty about demand and the retailer’s uncertainty about its suppliers’ service levels. We characterize how the retailer’s orders and profitability change with a supplier’s delivery performance through numerical experiments calibrated with field data. We find notable differences in market share across suppliers with similar traditional inventory service level metrics but differences in consistency and recovery. Further, we observe that a retailer can increase its profitability by determining orders via consistency and recovery in lieu of common metrics like in-stock. Given the influence of consistency and recovery on supply chain outcomes, we discuss implications for practice and future research.

CONCLUSION

Prior research finds that supplier reliability comprises several aspects of performance, including a supplier’s consistency in providing product as well as a supplier’s ability to recover from a stockout. Nonetheless, common inventory service level metrics do not capture these aspects of service. We propose a stylized model of supplier performance that incorporates consistency and recovery. In a retail supply chain context, we illustrate how to estimate consistency and recovery using data from suppliers in two distinct industries. We observe that suppliers to retailers exhibit marked differences across their ability to consistently deliver a product and their ability to recover from a stockout. The differences in the values of consistency and recovery within both suppliers support prior arguments in the literature that consistency and recovery represent distinct facets of supplier performance that supply chain parties should monitor and manage.

Based on these results, we model a retailer ordering from suppliers that have differing values of consistency and recovery. In keeping with practice, the retailer does not know the true service level of its suppliers but must instead develop beliefs using each supplier’s performance. Therefore, the retailer faces uncertainty about both demand and the suppliers’ service levels. The model shows that suppliers that appear similar based on common inventory service level metrics may receive very different orders from retailers due to contrasts in consistency and recovery. This suggests that suppliers that perform similarly according to traditional metrics could earn different market shares among their retailer customers based on their consistency and recovery capabilities