ترجمه مقاله پودر زباله شیشه به عنوان جایگزین نسبی سیمان برای فعالیت های سیمانی مقاوم - نشریه الزویر

Million tons of waste glass is being generated annually all over the world. Once the glass becomes a waste it is disposed as landfills, which is unsustainable as this does not decompose in the environment. Glass is principally composed of silica. Use of milled (ground) waste glass in concrete as partial replacement of cement could be an important step toward development of sustainable (environmentally friendly, energy-efficient and economical) infrastructure systems. When waste glass is milled down to micro size particles, it is expected to undergo pozzolanic reactions with cement hydrates, forming secondary Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C–S–H). In this research chemical properties of both clear and colored glass were evaluated. Chemical analysis of glass and cement samples was determined using Xray fluorescence (XRF) technique and found minor differences in composition between clear and colored glasses. Flow and compressive strength tests on mortar and concrete were carried out by adding 0–25% ground glass in which water to binder (cement + glass) ratio is kept the same for all replacement levels. With increase in glass addition mortar flow was slightly increased while a minor effect on concrete workability was noted. To evaluate the packing and pozzolanic effects, further tests were also conducted with same mix details and 1% super plasticizing admixture dose (by weight of cement) and generally found an increase in compressive strength of mortars with admixture. As with mortar, concrete cube samples were prepared and tested for strength (until 1 year curing). The compressive strength test results indicated that recycled glass mortar and concrete gave better strength compared to control samples. A 20% replacement of cement with waste glass was found convincing considering cost and the environment.

1. Introduction

As of 2005, the total global waste glass production estimate was 130 Mt, in which the European Union, China and USA produced approximately 33 Mt, 32 Mt and 20 Mt, respectively (IEA, 2007; Rashed, 2014). Being non-biodegradable in nature, glass disposal as landfill has environmental impacts and also could be expensive.

Sustainable construction practice means creation and responsible management of a healthy built environment considering resource efficiency and ecology (Plessis, 2007). Being versatile and economical, concrete became prime construction material over the world, however, it has impacts on the environment (Naik, 2008). Manufacturing of cement (key ingredient used for the production of concrete) is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions (Imbabi et al., 2012). The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to offset a portion of the cement in concrete is a promising method for reducing the environmental impact from the industry. Several industrial byproducts have been used successfully as SCMs, including silica fume (SF), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and fly ash (Islam et al., 2011; Imbabi et al., 2012). These materials are used to create blended cements which can improve concrete durability, early and long term strength, workability and economy (Detwiler et al., 1996).

4. Conclusion

The chemical composition of clear and colored glass powders are very similar and the materials could be declared as pozzolanic material as per ASTM standard. Being cleaner in nature, the flow of glass replaced mortar was found to be increased slightly with glass powder content. The optimum glass content is 20% considering mortar and concrete compressive strength at 90 days. In this age the compressive strength was found slightly higher (2%) than the control concrete specimen. In general, considering the similar performance with replaced material, glass addition can reduce cost of cement production up to 14%. In addition, production of every six ton glass powder concrete results in the reduction of each ton CO2 emission from cement production and save the environment significantly by reducing green-house gas and particulate production. Generally, the high surface area of milled waste glass changes the kinetics of chemical reaction toward beneficial pozzolanic reaction utilizing the available alkalis before production of a potential ASR gel. However, further research on durability and ASR aspects of glass replaced concrete is required to suggest this material for sustainable concrete practice.