ترجمه مقاله نقش ضروری ارتباطات 6G با چشم انداز صنعت 4.0
- مبلغ: ۸۶,۰۰۰ تومان
ترجمه مقاله پایداری توسعه شهری، تعدیل ساختار صنعتی و کارایی کاربری زمین
- مبلغ: ۹۱,۰۰۰ تومان
This study extends evidence on creative accounting and fills the gap in existing literature by examining the issue in developing countries. Taking Pakistan as a case study, the financial characteristics of companies, officially or publically identified for using some forms of creative accounting, are examined. Using a control sample of companies not identified for using creative accounting, financial ratios are used to analyse the dataset. The results show statistically significant differences in sample-control comparison of ratios. The Gearing ratio is statistically the most significant of all ratios as results achieve level of significance in all five years of analysis. Dividend payout ratio is the second most significant ratio. The two liquidity measures, current ratio and quick ratio, prove the least significant. This study provides evidence that financial characteristics, as measured by ratios, could be used as a tool to identify companies that are likely to be involved in creative accounting.