دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی خشونت علیه زنان و اختلال روانی: یک مطالعه کیفی در بنگلادش - NCBI 2018

Abstract

Background: Violence affects 15–75% of women across the globe and has a significant impact on their health, well-being, and rights. While quantitative research links it to poor mental health, there is a lack of qualitative enquiry in how women experience it, and how it is related to the mental disorders in Bangladesh. This information is important in understanding the situation and structuring a locally appropriate and culturally sensitive program. Methods: We adopted a phenomenological approach and conducted 16 in-depth interviews, three informal interviews, one focus group discussion, and one key informant interview. We also reviewed published reports and documents. We followed criterion sampling in selecting women with mental disorders who experienced violence. We explored their experiences and understanding of the issues and described the phenomenon. Results: We found that Bangladesh society was largely controlled by men, and marriage was often forced on women. Women often were blamed for any mishap in the family and married women were under social and emotional pressure to keep the marital relationship going even when painful. We found all forms of violence (physical, emotional, sexual etc.) and most of the time found more than one type in women with mental disorders. Sexual violence is a reality for some women but rarely discussed. We found the society very tolerant with mental disorder patients and those who resorted to violence against them. We identified four theoretical understandings about the role of violence in mental disorders. Sometimes the violence predisposed the mental illness, sometimes it precipitated it, while other times it maintained and was a consequence of it. Sometimes the violence may be unrelated to the mental illness. The relationships were complex and depended on both the type of mental disorder and the nature and intensity of the violence. We found most of the time that more than one type of violence was involved and played more than one role, which varied across different types of mental disorders. Interestingly, not all violence that mentally disordered women faced was because they were women, but because of mental disorders, which brought violence to them as a consequence. Conclusions: The findings of this first ever qualitative study into the experiences of violence by women with mental disorder in Bangladesh can be used in developing a culturally specific intervention to reduce both violence and mental disorders in women.

Conclusions

We identified four key theoretical understandings. Many women in Bangladesh with mental disorders have been and continue to be exposed to violence. Gender violence played some role in many mental disorders but not in all. The roles of violence varied; sometimes it predisposed the disorder, while other times it precipitated or maintained the disorder. Sometimes it was just a coexistence or a consequence. The relationships were complex and sometimes depended on the type of mental disorders, nature, and intensity of the violence. Interestingly, not all violence faced by mentally disordered women was because they were women. Rather, they were facing violence because of the disease they were suffering from. The findings can be used in structuring culturally appropriate, but valid programs aimed at reducing both violence and the mental disorders they are associated with. Further mixed method research is recommended to enrich and quantify our understanding.