دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی داده های شهری و طراحی شهری: یک روش داده کاوی در آموزش معماری - الزویر 2018

Abstract

The configuration of urban projects using Information and Communication Technologies is an essential aspect in the education of future architects. Students must know the technologies that will facilitate their academic and professional development, as well as anticipating the needs of the citizens and the requirements of their designs. In this paper, a data mining approach was used to outline the strategic requirements for an urban design project in an architecture course using a Project-Based Learning strategy. Informal data related to an award-winning public space (Gillett Square in London, UK) was retrieved from two social networks (Flickr and Twitter), and from its official website. The analysis focused on semantic, temporal and spatial patterns, aspects generally overlooked in traditional approaches. Text-mining techniques were used to relate semantic and temporal data, focusing on seasonal and weekly (work-leisure) cycles, and the geographic patterns were extracted both from geotagged pictures and by geocoding user locations. The results showed that it is possible to obtain and extract valuable data and information in order to determine the different uses and architectural requirements of an urban space, but such data and information can be challenging to retrieve, structure, analyze and visualize. The main goal of the paper is to outline a strategy and present a visualization of the results, in a way designed to be attractive and informative for both students and professionals –even without a technical background– so the conducted analysis may be reproducible in other urban data contexts.

5 Conclusions and future work

In many disciplines, the boundary between education and professional practice is difficult to define, especially in the architectural and urban planning fields, where education has traditionally followed a PBL approach and students assume the role of a trained professional in a professional studio. In this context, this research explored online data, either stored in web pages or informally generated by users and posted on social media, as a source of information for urban planners and designers. The authors focused on semantic, temporal and spatial patterns, which until the advent of online sources have lacked enough data to conduct exploratory research. The results showed that it is possible to extract very valuable information, but it can be difficult to retrieve, structure, analyze and visualize. However, the authors believe that the conducted research is reproducible in other urban data contexts, and that the visualization of the results is attractive and informative for professionals without a technical background. In addition to obtaining data for the initial definition of the project, social media data should become an additional tool to evaluate the citizens’ response in public participation processes before the final design, and to gather informal feedback about its suitability after the completion of the project.