دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی انعطاف پذیری محور شهری در جستجوی تثبیت نظری؟ - الزویر 2019

ABSTRACT

Over the last decades ‘resilience’ has particularly arisen as an attractive perspective with respect to cities. As cities continue to expand, their susceptibility to uncertainties and new challenges, such as climate change, has increased, rendering ‘urban resilience’ an increasingly favoured concept in the realm of Urban Development, Planning and Management (UDPM). Despite recent reviews, an updated analysis of the concept is required to understand whether there is in fact scientific evidence to support the expansion and favouring of ‘urban resilience’ in UDPM. The need to understand how the concept evolved is further emphasised by the need to perceive how the distinct sciences have contributed to its development, and which were the focuses and conceptual underpinnings of such evolution. Thus, the objective of this paper is to provide a broader review of the multidimensional concept of ‘urban resilience’, while understanding how distinct research fields have contributed to its inception and expansion, and how distinct conceptualisations of resilience have influenced its evolution. Supported by a bibliometric analysis of urban-centric publications, this paper highlights the recent extensive growth and expanding application of ‘urban resilience’ to distinct research fields, as well as an apparent theoretical stabilisation of the concept, which reemphasises the idea of a three-dimensional conceptual resilience perspective in scientific literature: (1) ‘engineering’, (2) ‘ecological’, and (3) ‘social-ecological resilience’. Consequently, this research emphasises that, if the related conceptual underpinnings are clear, ‘urban resilience’ can potentially serve as an ‘integrative metaphor’, adapted by diverse stakeholders, to reinforce UDPM initiatives.

Conclusions

In this research, we have focused on reviewing the evolution of resilience and discussing its application in Urban Development, Planning and Management (UDPM). This review has concentrated on the analysing how (1) ‘urban resilience’ has evolved into a favoured concept in UDPM, (2) the different research fields have contributed to such evolution, and (3) ‘urban resilience’ has evolved conceptually to its potential theoretical stabilisation. The bibliometric analysis of the evolution of urban-centric resilience indicates that an increasing attention has been given to ‘urban resilience’, accentuating a strong scientific expansion of its use. The concept has now been widely applied by urban academics, practitioners, and policy makers. This investigation suggests that urbancentric resilience was first contemplated in the Physical, Social, and Environmental and Biosciences, under the form of ‘specified resilience’, progressively expanding to all research fields, and to the study of ‘general resilience’. As ‘urban resilience’ studies progressively focused on more ‘complex’ and ‘adaptive systems’, the Environmental and Biosciences and Urban Studies emerged as the main subfields of urban resilience research.