دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی سیستم های ترافیک در شهرهای هوشمند با استفاده از LabVIEW - امرالد 2017

Abstract

Purpose – The purpose of this research work is to design and apply LabVIEW in the area of traffic maintenance and flow, by introducing improvements in the smart city. The objective is to introduce the automated human–machine interface (HMI) – a computer-based graphical user interface (GUI) – for measuring the traffic flow and detecting faults in poles. Design/methodology/approach – This research paper is based on the use of LabVIEW for designing the HMI for a traffic system in a smart city. This includes considerable measures that are: smart flow of traffic, violation detection on the signal, fault measurement in the traffic pole, locking down of cars for emergency and measuring parameters inside the cars. Findings – In this paper, the GUIs and the required circuitry for making improvements in the infrastructure of traffic systems have been designed and proposed, with their respective required hardware. Several measured conditions have been discussed in detail. Research limitations/implications – PJRC Teensy 3.1 has been used because it contains enough general-purpose input–output (GPIO) pins required for monitoring parameters that are used for maintaining the necessary flow of traffic and monitor the proposed study case. A combination of sensors such as infrared, accelerometer, magnetic compass, temperature sensor, current sensors, ultrasonic sensor, fingerprint readers, etc. are used to create a monitoring environment for the application. Using Teensy and LabVIEW, the system costs less and is effective in terms of performance. Practical implications – The microprocessor board shields for placing actuators and sensors and for attaching the input/output (I/O) to the LED indicators and display have been designed. A circuitry for scaling voltage, i.e. making sensor readings to read limits, has been designed. A combination of certain sensors, at different signals, will lead to a secure and more durable control of traffic. The proposed applications with its hardware and software cost less, are effective and can be easily used for making the city’s traffic services smart. For alarm levels, the desired alarm level can be set from the front panel for certain conditions from the monitoring station. For this, virtual channels can be created for allowing the operator to set any random value for limits. If the sensor value crosses the alarm value, then the corresponding alarm displays an alert. The system works by using efficient decision-making techniques and stores the data along with the corresponding time of operation, for future decisions. Originality/value – This study is an advanced research of its category because it combines the field of electrical engineering, computer science and traffic systems by using LabVIEW.

7. Conclusions

LabVIEW is a software that can be used with some processor families to create a real-time application that can control hardware using a GUI. The interface can also monitor the hardware parameters (sensor data from the real world). With the help of software (LabVIEW), the desired output conditions can be achieved and monitored. In this research, a traffic application in a smart city is proposed using LabVIEW with Teensy 3.1 as the DAQ device. From the LabVIEW front panel, traffic can be detected (whether there is traffic or not – using ultrasonic sensors) for smart switching of traffic lanes and maintaining a reasonable flow of traffic (by avoiding crowd). The faults (electrical power loss or mechanical) on the traffic pole can be detected and monitored, and upon the occurrence of fault, alerts can be send to the operator and the maintenance team during offline hours. Cars that are in the range of the traffic signal with the ON status can also be locked. Ultrasonic sensors are placed on the road for measuring distances. The maximum distance occurs in the case there is no traffic on the road. When there is traffic, the distance seen by ultrasonic sensor will be lower than the maximum value owing to traffic in the lane. Using this scheme, traffic can be detected, and with programmed hardware inside the traffic poles, switching of traffic lanes using decision-making algorithms can be done. The cars and the traffic poles are embedded with GPS/GSM modules. When car co-ordinates are in the range of the ON signal, then message commands will be sent to the car for automatic and efficiently stopping.