دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی تلاش های توسعه پایدار گردشگری توسط دولت های محلی در لهستان - الزویر 2018

Abstract

Sustainable development is increasingly becoming a priority issue in tourism development in the modern world. The basic goal is to educate local communities in the principles of this new approach. The purpose of the study was to diagnose programs produced by local governments in the area of sustainable tourism development, identify problem areas, and propose solutions. The study was based on surveys in paper form. Most local governments in Poland (62%) state that sustainable development is considered in their planning and implementation of tourismrelated programs. More than three out of four local government officials state that the opinions of local residents are also considered in the process. At the same time, more than 60% of survey participants state that their local municipality does not facilitate the exchange of knowledge and experiences in the area of sustainable development via the organization of relevant conferences, meetings, and workshops. In addition, local government officials note the existence of conflicts associated with collaboration in the tourism sector, mostly manifested by differences of opinion in terms of environmental protection versus tourism development. However, research has shown that the number of conflicts is smaller when the quality (i.e. higher mark) of the collaboration is higher.

5. Conclusions

At the local level, communities represented by local government officials usually have certain types of authority and tasks to be realized in the area of tourism development. Actions related to tourism development are relatively often also related to sustainable development, although it is sometimes the case that some local government officials do not understand this concept. In order to improve effectiveness, local officials often collaborate at the national and international levels and engage local residents in this collaborative effort. Unfortunately, joint effort often do generate conflict between the interested parties. Conflict situations are not the exception and are not something unique to Poland. In the realm of tourism development, the diversity of the stakeholders is significant and they act to defend their interests and often contrasting goals. It is necessary to employ an innovative approach to decision-making via innovative tools that aid in the conflict resolution process. Research has shown that as the level of agreement between groups of stakeholders increases, so does the likelihood of collaboration and compromise. Appropriate planning strategies and monitoring actions may limit and at least partly resolve conflict situations whose intensity can be observed in municipalities with protected areas. Sustainable tourism needs to be integrated with the development of local areas. The local level needs to be the basic level in problem resolution and generation of practical tools to be used by local governments and expressing the needs of the local community. Actions generated as part of sustainable tourism development should help activate partnerships between public authorities, business owners, and other social stakeholders. In addition, collaboration with the academic community needs to be enhanced, as frequently it is described as inadequate. Some local government officials go as far as to claim that academic leaders do not collaborate with local governments at all. Collaboration with tourist and business organizations also needs to be enhanced. In summary, there exists a need to intensify efforts in the area of education and promotion of sustainable development as well as legislative change and local management of tourism development. It is hoped that the study’s results will be useful in the management of tourism development in Poland in the context of the principles of sustainable development.