دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی بررسی سیستم های سنجش، ارتباطات و امنیت در طراحی سیستم شهر هوشمند - الزویر 2018

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) era is evolving into sensor initiated, actuation-driven, and machine intelligence-based decision making platform for smart cities. A smart city system aims at seamless and secure interconnection of sensors, actuators, and data processing resources to ensure digital, efficient, and reliable services. In this article, we present a brief planar overview of a smart city system architecture by introducing the application, sensing, communication, data, and security/privacy planes. Tailoring existing communication protocols and infrastructures to bridge massively deployed sensors and data processing/storage resources introduces unique communication challenges for smart cities. Furthermore, co-existence, integration, and control of dedicated and non-dedicated sensors is a grand challenge while IoT sensors continuously push sensory data through the communication medium towards data processing and analysis planes. While pervasiveness and ubiquity of smart city services are ensured by the interaction of communication and sensing technologies, their robustness and resilience calls for customized security and privacy solutions. With these in mind, we focus on sensing/actuation, communication, and security planes of a smart city system and present a comprehensive survey of the challenges and state-of-the-art solutions in each plane. Furthermore, we provide insights for open issues and opportunities in these planes.

8. Summary and Concluding Remarks

The advent of Internet of Things (IoT) and data analytics have paved the way to realize fully digitized, sustainable, resilient, and effectively-serving smart cities. The ultimate goal of digitization is to minimize human intervention. Smart city applications and services in the areas of healthcare, transportation, energy, public safety, and environment require ubiquitous, pervasive, resilient and efficient communication infrastructure to ensure the highest quality of service and quality of experience. Internet of Things (IoT) bridges the communication between sensory data acquisition and decision making over massive, heterogeneous and unstructured data. Indeed security and privacy are the utmost important design parameter for each individual component of a smart city system.

This article studies the building blocks (i.e. planes) of a smart city system by providing an architectural overview and special emphasis on the sensing, communication, and security planes. Smart city architecture consists of the following five components: 1. Application plane enables interaction with the end users through various services, 2. Sensing Plane is solely responsible for data acquisition through dedicated and/or non-dedicated sensors, 3. Communication Plane is responsible for ensuring efficiency and high quality of service in the transmission of sensory data from the sensing plane to the data plane, 4. Data plane is where the ultimate processing and storage services are provisioned for the data acquired/generated in the sensing plane, and 5. Security Plane ensures confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, and resiliency of the entire system through crypto-level or system-level security solutions.

The survey is centered around sensing, communication and security planes considering the unique requirements of smart city applications. A detailed survey of the state of the art for each of these planes is followed by a thorough discussion on the open issues and challenges. Moreover, in order to stimulate future research, the survey provides insights to address the interplay among these planes to ensure ubiquity, pervasiveness, robustness, resiliency, and security of smart city systems.