ترجمه مقاله نقش ضروری ارتباطات 6G با چشم انداز صنعت 4.0
- مبلغ: ۸۶,۰۰۰ تومان
ترجمه مقاله پایداری توسعه شهری، تعدیل ساختار صنعتی و کارایی کاربری زمین
- مبلغ: ۹۱,۰۰۰ تومان
Since the terrorist attacks of 9/11, the use of social media in emergency and crisis events has greatly increased and many studies have concentrated on the use of ICT and social media before, during, or after these events. The field of research that these studies fall under is called crisis informatics. In this article, we evaluate and analyze crisis informatics research by looking at case studies of social media use in emergencies, outlining the types of research found in crisis informatics, and expounding upon the forms of interaction that have been researched. Finally, we summarize the achievements from a human– computer interaction perspective and outline trends and challenges for future research.
1. Introduction
Social media enable increased communication and collaboration among online users, and they have become a ubiquitous part of everyday life for many. The most common social media platforms attract a large number of users: In August 2017, Facebook had about 2.0 billion, YouTube 1.5 billion, WhatsApp 1.2 billion, Instagram 700 million, Twitter 328 million, and LinkedIn 106 million active users.1 With such pervasiveness, people use social media not only in everyday life but also during crisis and emergency events. One of the earliest example of this kind of social media use occurred during the 9/11 attacks in 2001. During these attacks, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Red Cross employed web-based technologies to disseminate information to the public and to report the status of the relief efforts externally and internally (Harrald, Egan, & Jefferson, 2002). Additionally, citizens created wikis to gather information about missing persons (Palen & Liu, 2007).
5. Discussion and conclusion
Social media continue to evolve, and so does their use in emergency and crisis events. Since the first recorded case of disaster relief with social media in 2001, the use of social media before, during, and after crisis events has become more and more pervasive. Emergency and disaster management as well as defense and security management continue to converge. In the field of crisis informatics, studies have investigated various cases, methods, practices, tools, and users in crises, disasters, and emergencies of all types and sizes. In this final section, we summarize the findings of our evaluation and analysis of crisis informatics literature and explore the future of this research.