دانلود رایگان مقاله آلودگی محیط زیست از فاضلاب کارخانه ها و روش تصفیه برای مبارزه با تهدیدات محیطی

Abstract

Distillery industries are the key contributor to the world’s economy, but these are also one of the major sources of environmental pollution due to the discharge of a huge volume of dark colored wastewater. This dark colored wastewater contains very high biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total solids, sulfate, phosphate, phenolics and various toxic metals. Distillery wastewater also contains a mixture of organic and inorganic pollutants such as melanoidins, di-n-octyl phthalate, di-butyl phthalate, benzenepropanoic acid and 2- hydroxysocaproic acid and toxic metals, which are well reported as genotoxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic and endocrine disrupting in nature. In aquatic resources, it causes serious environmental problems by reducing the penetration power of sunlight, photosynthetic activities and dissolved oxygen content. On other hand, in agricultural land, it causes inhibition of seed germination and depletion of vegetation by reducing the soil alkalinity and manganese availability, if discharged without adequate treatment. Thus, this review article provides a comprehensive knowledge on the distillery wastewater pollutants, various techniques used for their analysis as well as its toxicological effects on environments, human and animal health. In addition, various physico-chemicals, biological as well as emerging treatment methods have been also discussed for the protection of environment, human and animal health.

7. Conclusion

This review manuscript concludes that DWW contains a complex mixture of organic and inorganic pollutants and acts as a major source of environmental pollution. DWW causes coloration of water resources, reduces photosynthetic activities, and dissolved oxygen content, whereas, in the soil, it reduces soil fertility and seed germination. The organic and inorganic pollutants such as melanoidins and endocrine disrupting compounds (phthalates) present in DWW are well reported to have cytotoxic, genotoxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on human and animal health. Thus, it requires adequate treatment before its final discharge into the environment. Physico-chemical methods available are capable of both color and organic load reduction, but these methods are highly costly and generate a large amount of sludge as secondary pollutants. Hence, biological methods are gaining its momentum in the arena of wastewater treatment methods due to cost effective and eco-friendly nature, but these methods are time-consuming. Therefore, there is an urgent need to address the limitations in existing treatment methods and to develop the integrated treatment processes that can provide a solution to DIs for the management and treatment of generated wastewater.