دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی سیستم های اطلاعات انرژی مقیاس پذیر بسته شده برای هتل ها - امرالد 2017

Abstract

Purpose Building Energy Information Systems (EIS) are performance monitoring software, data acquisition hardware, and communication systems used to store, analyze, and display building energy data. Some $60 billion is spent annually on wasted energy in U.S. buildings, and actions taken based on EIS data can enable operational energy savings of ~10 percent in the U.S. commercial sector (~2 quads of primary energy). However, EIS adoption is low due to various technical and market challenges. This paper provides technical specifications for standardized EIS packages that can help overcome barriers and accelerate scale. Design/Methodology/Approach A five-step process was followed: 1. Identifying business drivers as key determinants for hotel sector-specific packages 2. Addressing heterogeneity to develop standardized, tiered packages 3. Determining performance metrics for key stakeholders 4. Recommending streamlined data architecture 5. Developing visualization enabling insights and actions Findings Technical specifications for two tiers (entry and advanced) of EIS packages for hotels have been developed. EIS vendor, integrator, and client organization’s facilities and IT staff have been considered as key stakeholders. Findings from six field demonstrations show benefits of (i) cost-effectiveness, through reduced transactional, first, and operational costs, (ii) scalability, by accommodating heterogeneity across the building sub-sector, (iii) simplicity, by integrating meters, gateways, and software in the package, and (iv) actionability in organizations, across various decision making levels. Value Building owners and operators can use these specifications to ease procurement and installation of EIS in their facilities. EIS software vendors can use them to develop new product offerings for underserved sectors.

7. Results

In a context where $60 billion is spent annually on wasted energy in U.S. buildings (Forbes, 2015), it is critical to manage building energy use to achieve up to 20 percent savings enabled by EIS (Granderson et al., 2016). A key technical response to help overcome the scale and adoption challenge for EIS is the development of packaged solutions that address the current pain points around specifying, procuring, installing, and using the EIS. Our packaged EIS-in-a-box solution provides the following benefits: o Cost-effectiveness, by helping to reduce first costs (i.e., transactional costs, hardware costs) as well as ongoing operational costs. This can help ease the sales cycle for vendors (especially for new or tough-to-penetrate markets) and make procurement and operations cost-effective for users. To test our assumptions around reduction of transaction costs, we conducted vendor interviews and found that packaged EIS can help bring down cost by up to 30 percent of custom solutions (Singh et al., 2017). o Scalability, by development of an optimum EIS that takes into account the specificity of the hotel sector rather than being too generic (all types of buildings) or too specific (customized on a per-building basis); also by engineering EIS packages to accommodate heterogeneity across hotel buildings. Its replicability across the organization’s building portfolio and scalability establishes a broader market applicability of the systems. These EIS hotels packages are intended to be relevant across a range of facilities by recognizing and accommodating the heterogeneity within this target segment.