ترجمه مقاله نقش ضروری ارتباطات 6G با چشم انداز صنعت 4.0
- مبلغ: ۸۶,۰۰۰ تومان
ترجمه مقاله پایداری توسعه شهری، تعدیل ساختار صنعتی و کارایی کاربری زمین
- مبلغ: ۹۱,۰۰۰ تومان
Abstract
Using subnationally representative data for 679 regions from 64 low- and middleincome countries, we document that geography, especially trade-related features, explains a substantial share of within-country variation in the level of human capital. We further show that a large part of the explanatory power can be attributed to the close interrelation between urbanization and concentration of human capital. These results bring together studies that identify human capital as an important determinant of regional development and the literature on economic geography that emphasizes geography’s role in shaping the spatial distribution of urbanization and economic activity.
5 Conclusion
In this study, we document that both agriculture- and trade-associated geographic characteristics are important in accounting for regional differences in the level of human capital. A large part of the explanatory power, particularly for the trade-related variables, is absorbed by the correlation with urbanization. This implies that the effects of geography on the concentration of human capital and urbanization are closely interlinked and is consistent with the existence of a urban-rural gap in human capital.