ترجمه مقاله نقش ضروری ارتباطات 6G با چشم انداز صنعت 4.0
- مبلغ: ۸۶,۰۰۰ تومان
ترجمه مقاله پایداری توسعه شهری، تعدیل ساختار صنعتی و کارایی کاربری زمین
- مبلغ: ۹۱,۰۰۰ تومان
The doctrine of consideration is one of the most fiercely debated aspects of the law of contract in Common Law jurisdictions. Consideration emerged during the sixteenth century as an element of actions in assumpsit (breach of promise or undertaking).1 It has suffered criticism from judges,2 academics3 and the English Law Revision Committee4 alike. But despite its controversial status, it remains an essential requirement for the formation of contracts not in deed form.5 Through the doctrine of consideration, contract is largely restricted to the realm of bargains involving an exchange of value between two parties. This is not the only possible approach to contract; in fact, it is unique to Common Law systems. Civil law jurisdictions and the mixed legal systems of Scotland and South Africa do not require consideration for contract formation.