ترجمه مقاله نقش ضروری ارتباطات 6G با چشم انداز صنعت 4.0
- مبلغ: ۸۶,۰۰۰ تومان
ترجمه مقاله پایداری توسعه شهری، تعدیل ساختار صنعتی و کارایی کاربری زمین
- مبلغ: ۹۱,۰۰۰ تومان
The tubular packed bed reactor presents a challenging problem for accurate modelling and control. The detailed model is extremely complex due to the large number of heat, mass, and momentum transfer processes occurring in the reactor. The randomly packed bed of catalyst particles with the fluid flowing around them adds an element of uncertainty to any model, and makes exact mathematical modelling of each catalyst particle impossible. Some difficult factors in developing a good dynamic model for the reactor are: 1. the multi-dimensional distributed configuration, 2. the two-phase nature of the reactor bed, 3. the non-linear dependence of the rate of reaction on temperature, 4. the non-uniformity of the packing and the flow through it, 5. the uncertainty of several of the heat and mass transfer parameters, 6. parameters that vary depending on the location within the reactor bed. In addition, many chemical species are often present with reactions represented by complex kinetic expressions having time-varying rates due to catalyst deactivation