دانلود رایگان مقاله تفاوت در ریسک و خطر درک خطرات مایع قابل اشتعال

Abstract

The pace of urbanization and industrialization in developing countries is rapidly increasing. Unfortunately, regulatory and private-sector control of hazards has not always kept pace. This work identifies the level of emergency preparedness in chemical industries and evaluates the spatial distribution of hazards using a worst-case release scenario. Consequently, we identified potentially exposed urban communities and evaluated the social perception of a hazard. This research characterizes risk scenarios in a case study of the industrial area in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Intervention zones of major concern are recognized when deficiencies in emergency preparedness join a poor social perception of hazards in communities that are potentially exposed. The worst-case scenario radii of flammable chemicals range from 425 m to 733 m. Potentially exposed communities have a limited perception of chemical risk and no training in emergency response. Proximity to an industrial area influences communities towards a better recognition of hazards. However, communities far from the industrial area have higher exposure to low preparedness worst-case scenarios for flammable chemicals and have a larger level of vulnerability because of their lack of risk perception.

Conclusion

In this study, the main elemental standards of risk management were evaluated to discover basic deficiencies in hazard control and risk communication. A consequence-based approach was used for classifying the level of protection posed by every facility, considering the degree of internal risk management. The population potentially exposed to chemical risks was evaluated using a social vulnerability methodology to identify chemical hazard awareness in the community. As a result, areas of prior concern were identified using a GIS. This methodology could provide a baseline for government intervention in hazard management, risk communication, and emergency community planning. Worst-case scenarios that result from flammable substances in San Luis Potosi’s west industrial area show that overpressured radii have the possibility to damage industrial property and tangible goods in the surrounding communities. The lack of emergency preparedness in the industries was categorized into low and medium levels, which confirms the need for greater supervision and regulation by governmental agencies. The medium and low levels of chemical hazard perception evaluated in the case study may be influenced by economic benefits and the favorable feelings of communities towards the industrial area, as well as the history of the settlements and the absence of outrage signals.