دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی چگونگی جای گیری در شغل توسط کارآفرینان زن: رویکرد مطالعه موردی - امرالد 2017

Introduction

Research fails to distinguish the socio-economic and institutional restrictions embedded within contextualised cultural norms, which consequently reduces the scope of those who can enter the field as a credible entrepreneurial actor (Marlow and Swail, 2014). Moreover, what appears is that the self-employed and women in ‘high status’ professional positions have been seriously ‘neglected’ by society, mass media and the academic community (Baker et al., 1997: 221). Entrepreneurship inquiry emphasises the interpretations of contexts of human experience by using the term embeddedness. Entrepreneurship embeddedness in relation to women’s practices is an under-investigated area in the field of entrepreneurship research. Prior research indicates that gender equality is negatively related to women’s choice of self-employment in male-oriented industries (Klyver et al., 2013).

Concluding remarks

The findings of this study suggest that creating a sense of personal identification and status by making use of embedding as a practice process creates qualities that make it possible for women chefs to establish themselves as power players within the culinary industry. Embedding as a practice process has probably been crucial for their successful entrepreneurship. The study provides a useful theoretical framework for exploring the socio-economic situation of women in entrepreneurship and reveals that through the practice of embedding resources were constituted.

We show how embedding as a practice process allows women entrepreneurs to use new practices to create novelty with added values for their own progress. It was evident that the female chefs were acting from within the field of informal institutions and from a within position they have been created changes and thereby created their own field. This can be understood through the concept of ‘historical backwardness’ (Weick, 1979). According to Weick (1979:151), the ‘backward group is able to leapfrog the pioneer and employ neglected actions to locate opportunities that prove beneficial’. Our findings illustrate how the women entrepreneurs acted strategically to become one of the boys, applying ‘the sameness’ strategy to receive legitimacy in the professional field, a building block for embedding in the professional field. In other words, un-brainwashed or unindoctrinated entrepreneurs are less likely to be influenced by past prescription or rules of the game concerning their actions and, consequently, are more likely to engage in imaginative entrepreneurship for their own purposes.