دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی سناریوهای اسمارت گرید و تاثیر آنها در برنامه استراتژیک - نشریه الزویر

Abstract

Electrical energy consumption if reduced during peak hours can result in the deferment of generation, transmission and distribution capacity addition. The postponement of capacity addition, or “avoided cost” is of promising value to electric utilities who can redirect financial resources for other purposes due to these offset costs. The reduction in energy consumption is achievable through smart grid implementation. Therefore, the utilities need to investigate whether upgrading their grid system to make it smarter is economically justifiable or not. Electricity companies have used the smart grid maturity model to assess their rating/ranking in different domains. The paper provides a framework for establishing future strategies and work plans as they pertain to smart grid implementations. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the demand-side management (DSM), energy efficiency measures and distributed generation benefits of smart grid in Oman. The developed scenarios include grid enhancement, customer contribution to the grid and both of these options simultaneously. The scenarios are analyzed for peak reduction and their benefits are calculated in terms of avoided cost of generation, transmission, distribution, and environmental costs.

6. CONCLUSIONS The Public Authority for Electricity and Water (PAEW) of Oman has invested in consultant studies to investigate the demand-side management potential. However, there is a lack of gravitas where DSM implementation is concerned. For example, the study carried out by Japan International Cooperation Agency in 2013 is not the first study of its kind. JICA conducted a similar study in 1997 and at that time, the DSM measures were easier to implement because the electric utility was vertically integrated and Government owned.

Recently, Oman has also shown some seriousness in smart grid implementation by investing in smart grid maturity assessment exercises and has planned to implement AMR and the typical functionalities of a modern smart metering infrastructure for some high value customers by the end of 2017. This paper is a step in this direction has attempted to show some of the economic benefits of smart grid. It has provided a framework for establishing future strategies and work plans as they pertain to smart grid implementations in Oman. Several scenarios are developed that included grid enhancement, customer contribution to the grid and both of these options simultaneously as well as an estimation of their benefits. The results of this study have shown that the recommended DSM has a huge potential of energy and capacity savings and does not need much of investment in smart grid. The other cases of Minimum smart scenario have also provided promising results and the benefit-cost ratio of these cases are also greater than one. The result of scenario 5, which is a combination of scenarios 3 (recommended DSM) and 4 (Distributed Generation), has clearly shown that in addition to the huge investment of scenario 4, if the recommended DSM is employed in parallel, the overall impact of benefit-cost ratio is greater than 1. The scope of this study was limited and did not estimate the other benefits of smart grid such as reduction in losses, reduced meter reading cost, reduced electricity theft, reduced outages, reduced restoration cost, reduced wide scale blackout etc. The study also did not take into account the other socioeconomic benefits. Therefore, the study recommends expanding its scope to include some of the above benefits mentioned to make a strong business case for smart grid implementation by electricity companies.