دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی شیوع انواع استرابیسم در بیماران ایرانی مبتلا به استرابیسمی - DovePress 2018

Purpose: To determine the frequency of different types of strabismus and amblyopia in the patients of strabismus clinics from 2008 to 2014. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the archives of Farabi Hospital in Tehran, Iran, from 2008 to 2014. The study consisted of using records of strabismic patients. From these, strabismus types and associated abnormalities, types of amblyopia and other ocular pathological findings were recorded. Results: In this study, 1174 strabismic patients were studied. Accommodative esotropia (ET) was the most prevalent type of strabismus accounting for 25.04% of all strabismic patients while intermittent exotropia (XT), nonaccommodative ET and partially accommodative ET, with 12.09%, 11.24% and 10.39%, respectively, were relatively common. Also, 63.03% of all strabismic patients had esodeviation with XT coming second accounting for 24.53% of patients. Other ocular pathologic findings in addition to strabismus were found in 236 (20.1%) patients. The most common association with those types of strabismus was inferior oblique over action accounting for 11.07% of all cases, and 88 patients had nystagmus in addition to strabismus. Significantly 45% of patients had no amblyopia and 37% of patients had a combined type of amblyopia which was the most common type of amblyopia found in strabismic patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of ET was two and a half times more than XT and almost half of strabismic patients suffer from amblyopia. This study suggests that strabismus screening of children could be useful in the early detection of strabismus, appropriate management of it and prevention of strabismic amblyopia.

Discussion

In the present study, ET, which was discovered in 63.03% of patients, was found to be the most common type of strabismus between strabismic patients. EX was found in 24.53% of patients. EX and ET are also common strabismus types and similar results were seen in studies by Matsuo and Matsuo11 on 86,220 Japanese preschool children, and Yu et al12 in Hong Kong on 2704 strabismus patients.However, in other studies of Asian people and in Brazil, XT was the most common type of strabismus.13–15 One of the reasons for the difference in results amongst our study and other studies was the role of race in the prevalence of strabismus types.16 EX has been reported to be more prevalent among Asian and African American populations than among Caucasians.

The results demonstrated that ET was two and a half times more prevalent than XT and about six times more prevalent than vertical deviation. Several studies of clinical populations have reported that ET occurs approximately 3–5 times as often as XT in children.6,18 However, in America, the National Health Survey of individuals aged between 4 and 74 years found a higher prevalence of XT (2.1%) than ET (1.2%) in the US population. This difference is probably related to the fact that the overall prevalence of strabismus in persons 55–75 years of age (in whom XT is more common) is 6.1% substantially greater than for very young children 1–3 years of age (1.9%) or children and adults 4–54 years of age (3.3%).19 Rajavi et al20 found that the prevalence rate of XT (1.3%) was more than ET (1%) among primary school children but they studied a normal population whereas this study was performed on strabismic patients. On the other hand, in our study the prevalence of XT may be underestimated because it is most often an intermittent strabismus, and most of our patients were young children when ET is more common at this age.