ترجمه مقاله نقش ضروری ارتباطات 6G با چشم انداز صنعت 4.0
- مبلغ: ۸۶,۰۰۰ تومان
ترجمه مقاله پایداری توسعه شهری، تعدیل ساختار صنعتی و کارایی کاربری زمین
- مبلغ: ۹۱,۰۰۰ تومان
Recently, the Second U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals joined an ongoing debate concerning whether the "four corners rule" from contract law, should be applied to judicial analysis of Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) for students receiving special education services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). 1 In contract law, the four corners rule means that where an instrument--such as a contract, will, or deed--is "complete on its face," a court's determination of whether the instrument constitutes a total integration must be made from the instrument itself and not from extrinsic evidence. 2 In other words, the parties' intended agreement should be derived from the text contained within the four corners of the written page. 3 The four corners rule is utilized in contract law to prevent post hoc unilateral modifications to negotiated agreements.