دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی خطر پیشرفت میوپی: تغییرات فصلی و شیوه زندگی در طول رشد محوری در کودکان چک - هینداوی 2018

The growth in the prevalence of myopia leads to the growth of socioeconomic stress in society. It is important to detect any potential risk factors leading to myopia onset and progression. Among the potential risk factors, the lack of natural daylight exposure and the lack of the physical activity together with excess of near-work activities in children are the most prevalent. In the study, the axial length growth depending on the season and the type of behaviour was measured. The assessment was performed in 12-year-old children, 398 eyes of whom were included and measured during the winter and summer period. The children were categorized by the amount of time spent on near-work, physical, and outdoor activity. Results. Statistically significantly higher (p < 0 0001) axial length growth was observed during the winter period. Statistically significantly (p < 0 0001) more frequently, the eyeball growth has been proved during the winter season. According to the way of spending leisure time, no statistically significant difference was reported within the individual subgroups in the development of the eyeball length during the observed period. However, statistically significant differences were ascertained in the eyeball initial length within various groups. Conclusion. The lack of daylight exposure may lead to myopia progression.

5. Conclusions

Children and adult myopia is a considerable worldwide problem with the prevalence of myopia increasing over recent decades, and expressive growth could also be expected in the future. Discovering the causes of the development and progression of myopia in the children population and designing preventive programs should belong among the priorities of ophthalmologists and paediatricians. The preschool age, or the start of school attendance, should be critical for the initiation of preventative programs. Already, at the time of entering grammar schools, the differences in eyeball length are statistically significant, depending on the daily regimens of the children. Our study demonstrates the impact of regular sporting activities as a preventative factor against the eyeball growth; therefore, active and regular sporting activities should be included in preschool and school education, and children should be motivated to regularly perform these activities also after classes. Our paper also points to a negative influence of near work and a possible negative influence of work on the computer for 3 hours a day, or more. The use of state-of-the-art technology and means such as tablets, computers, and so on is a frequent teaching trend already as early as in preschool education. Due to the significant burden of children with these devices after school too, regular use of these technologies should be carefully considered in classrooms, and children and their parents should be thoroughly instructed about the negative impacts of their overuse in near work and computer work on the development of eyeball length and the possible progression of myopia. To determine the critical age where the negative or protective impact of the individual factors under consideration begins to manifest, further work needs to be carried out.