Abstract
In this paper, an improved maximum power point (MPP) tracking (MPPT) with better performance based on voltage-oriented control (VOC) is proposed to solve a fast-changing irradiation problem. In VOC, a cascaded control structure with an outer dc link voltage control loop and an inner current control loop is used. The currents are controlled in a synchronous orthogonal d , q frame using a decoupled feedback control. The reference current of proportional-integral (PI) d -axis controller is extracted from the dc-side voltage regulator by applying the energy-balancing control. Furthermore, in order to achieve a unity power factor, the q -axis reference is set to zero. The MPPT controller is applied to the reference of the outer loop control dc voltage photovoltaic (PV). Without PV array power measurement, the proposed MPPT identifies the correct direction of the MPP by processing the d -axis current reflecting the power grid side and the signal error of the PI outer loop designed to only represent the change in power due to the changing atmospheric conditions. The robust tracking capability under rapidly increasing and decreasing irradiance is verified experimentally with a PV array emulator. Simulations and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method provides effective, fast, and perfect tracking.
I. INTRODUCTION
THE VOLTAGE-POWER characteristic of a photovoltaic (PV) array is nonlinear and time varying because of the changes caused by the atmospheric conditions. The task of a maximum power point (MPP) tracking (MPPT) in a PV power system is to continuously tune the system so that it draws maximum power from the PV array. In recent years, the gridconnected PV systems have become more popular because they do not need battery backups to ensure MPPT [1]. The two typical configurations of a grid-connected PV system are single or two stages. In two stages, the first is used to boost the PV array voltage and track the maximum power; the second allows the conversion of this power into high-quality ac voltage.
VII. CONCLUSION
In order to avoid possible mistakes of the classical P&O algorithm due to the fast-changing irradiation, this paper has proposed an improved MPPT controller without PV array power measurement. Our control scheme uses the d-axis grid current component and the signal error of the PI outer voltage regulator. This MPPT method permits one to differentiate the contribution of increment perturbation and irradiation change in power variation, hence identifying the correct direction of the MPP. In the simulation and experimental results, the robust tracking capability under rapidly increasing and decreasing irradiance has been proved. The steady-state and dynamic responses illustrated the perfect desired reference tracking controller. Moreover, the output power losses caused by the dynamic tracking errors are significantly reduced, particularly under fastchanging irradiation. Furthermore, one can see that the control algorithm is simple and easy to implement in real time.