دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی راه برای شهرهای هوشمند را روشن کنید - الزویر 2018

ABSTRACT

Smart cities are one of the dominant manifestations of digitization with a multimillion dollar potential, where cities and companies alike are looking for ways to create and capture value. Technology-driven companies are key to making smart cities a reality, but their current product-centric business models do not meet the changing needs anymore. Based on an in-depth study at Philips Lighting of four smart city cases across a period of five years, our article illustrates four distinct business models that enable incumbent organizations to enter this smart city market. We develop and contrast the four types of business models on individual and joint value creation and value capture dimensions and show how each business model can be of value to an incumbent, depending on the project and ecosystem. We illustrate these business models with insights from Philips Lighting's transition from public lighting to smart cities and provide specific implementation suggestions for incumbent companies.

Conclusion

Although Philips Lighting worked together with several other parties during the course of this project, they were in the lead and the driver behind the design and installation of the dynamic lighting system, where the other parties fulfilled a supplier role. They were able to leverage several sources of income, where they sold products, the service of maintenance and support for the software for the next five years, and the lighting consultancy (including area analysis, developing use cases, and creating lighting content). However, as so many ideas and products had to be developed from scratch, specifically for the Veghel context, the margins for Philips Lighting were quite small, especially compared to purely selling of-the-shelf products. Moreover, working together with a municipality costs a lot of time and patience for an incumbent such as Philips Lighting. The Veghel project took > 3 years, including a change in municipality, which delayed the project for six months, as the new project members had to be convinced of the benefits of such a lighting project. However, the results so far look promising, with increasing visitor numbers, and the municipality hopes that Veghel can become a center of knowledge on how to improve an unappealing shopping atmosphere due to many closed shops.