دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی پیاده سازی الگوریتم محلی بهبود یافته مبتنی بر PSO برای شبکه های سنسور بی سیم - تیلور و فرانسیس 2018

ABSTRACT

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are broadly employed in lots of applications. WSN is comprised of spatially dispersed sovereign devices enabled with sensors to examine some physical phenomenon. The node localization, which is to be responsive of nodes’ location in the system, is a crucial component of numerous WSN functions and applications. Various localization algorithms have been proposed to precisely locate nodes in WSNs. The localization algorithms are normally categorized into range-based and range-free schemes based on range measurements. The rangebased methods use exact computation measure (distance or time) among nodes in the network. So range-based methods need some additional hardware for such computation, thus expensive to be used in practice. Because of hardware constraints of sensor network devices, range-free methods are considered cost efficient alternatives. Though, these methods normally contain higher localization error in comparison with range-based methods. DV-Hop is an usual range-free method that use hopbased evaluation. In this article, we have modified DV-Hop method and applied a meta-heuristic (PSO) technique to overcome the positioning error. The algorithm has been implemented in MATLAB R2015a for the validation of results. The performance of implemented algorithm has been analyzed in terms of localization error, error variance, accuracy, and coverage. The results of modified algorithm confirm that our algorithm decreases the localization error and improved the localization accuracy as compared to DV-Hop and improved DV-Hop (IDV-Hop) algorithms.

6. CONCLUSION

In the present work, we have developed and implemented a new improved DV-Hop algorithm for localization based on PSO. In the development process, we have calculated hop count value, average hop size, compute the position and perform error analysis and further modify and develop a mathematical model for implementation of meta-heuristic (PSO) approach. Finally, an improved DV-Hop algorithm using PSO has been developed and implemented, which decreases the localization error with no increase in added hardware as well as cost of computation. The developed method utilizes anchor’s hop size through which the unknown node determines its distance. Moreover, the locations of unknown nodes are improved with PSO approach. The analysis of developed algorithm has been carried out in terms of localization error, error variance, accuracy, and coverage with varying amount of nodes, ratio of anchor nodes, and communication radius. From the results it has been observed that our algorithm provides less localization error as compared to DV-Hop as well as Improved DV-Hop algorithms.