ترجمه مقاله نقش ضروری ارتباطات 6G با چشم انداز صنعت 4.0
- مبلغ: ۸۶,۰۰۰ تومان
ترجمه مقاله پایداری توسعه شهری، تعدیل ساختار صنعتی و کارایی کاربری زمین
- مبلغ: ۹۱,۰۰۰ تومان
ABSTRACT
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have potential to control many soil-dwelling insect pests but have been limited in their usage, partly by their unpredictable field performance. Numerous abiotic and biotic factors are thought to contribute to this poor predictability, but the exact impacts and relative importance of these factors in affecting EPN performance in the field are not well understood. Previous studies have highlighted diverse interactions between EPNs and other members of the soil community, from plants and fungi to arthropods and annelids. These interactions may help or hinder EPNs in a variety of ways. However, current research has yet to determine how many of these interactions influence EPN performance under field conditions, specifically, if they contribute to the variability limiting EPN efficacy and wide-scale adoption. Here we outline current knowledge of these interactions as well as challenges and avenues for future research, such as greater integration of EPN research with soil animal and rhizosphere ecology, that will better elucidate the potential, limitations, and proper use of EPNs in pest management.
Conclusions
EPNs interact with and are acted upon by a wide variety of soil organisms spanning the full breadth of soil’s taxonomic diversity, and these interactions and their potential effects on EPN performance should be considered when studying the usefulness of EPNs against belowground pests. Despite the fact that EPNs can be applied to the soil in the same manner as a chemical pesticide, they are living organisms subject to all the biotic and abiotic pressures of the soil environment. Better understanding of these pressures, their relative importance, and the limits they may impose on EPNs will aid in successfully leveraging their pest control potential to its fullest extent.