دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی تاثیر شرایط اقتصادی و اجتماعی داخلی بر کارآفرینی زنان - الزویر 2018

ABSTRACT

To identify the combinations of the economic and social aspects related to female entrepreneurship in OECD countries, we carried out a cross-national analysis of female entrepreneurship using fsQCA methodology. We analyzed 2015 data from 29 OECD countries, covering different geographical areas. Data were retrieved from three databases (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, Country Risk Score, and Glass Ceiling Index) and the relationship between entrepreneurship by gender and the conditions in a country were studied, especially those socially related to gender under female labor working conditions. The results show that the combination of good country risk score conditions and the low presence of women in power positions is related to high female entrepreneurship and low gender labor-force gap. By contrast, low female entrepreneurship is reached through a combination of high gender labor-force and wage gaps.

Conclusions

The aim of this study is to identify the combination of economic and social factors in an OECD country that lead to an increase in female entrepreneurship. These factors have been selected due to the lack of research analyzing country risk and a combination of factors related to the GCI with entrepreneurship, much less in terms of gender, to date. To this end, the fsQCA methodology has been used. This methodology has proved suitable for examining the relationships between the analyzed variable (high level of female entrepreneurship) and all possible combinations (high/low or missing) of the predictors, according to the proposals previously formulated in this work: CRS, gender labor force participation gap, gender wage gap, and women in power positions. The fsQCA method allowed a detailed analysis of the causal conditions that contribute to a specific result. In other words, it allowed identifying the possible combinations of these five factors. The solution provided two combinations, which increased entrepreneurship in a sufficient way in 93% of the total cases and cover 73% thereof. Specifically, a low labor-force gender gap, together with low gender wage gap, lead to an increase in female entrepreneurship. Moreover, a low labor-force gender gap, together with a high CRS value and a low presence of women in power positions, give the same result. It should be stressed that the labor-force gender gap is present in both combinations, suggesting that the lower the difference of participation between women and men on the labor market, the greater the percentage of women entrepreneurs.