دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی توسعه طراحی و ساخت پل های قطارهای سریع السیر در آلمان - الزویر 2018

ABSTRACT

Bridges are vital components of high-speed rail (HSR) lines for crossing obstacles such as valleys, rivers, and existing highways or railway lines. The main goal of this paper is to provide a review of the development of HSR bridges in Germany. A short summary of the history of high-speed rail lines is given first. Subsequently, the development of HSR bridges, along with emerging design issues and the two relevant German design guidelines, is reviewed. Further, bridge structure types on German HSR lines, such as simply supported bridges, continuous bridges, arch bridges, integral and semi-integral bridges, composite truss bridges and rigid-frame bridges are discussed. The article concludes with a short discussion about the current situation and future trend of HSR bridges.

4. Summary

High-speed railways are a safe, comfortable, and fast mode of transportation. They are not only the fastest way to travel (for distances between 150 km and 800 km) but also more ecological compared to highway and air travel [2]. The demand for high-speed railways is likely to keep growing. This paper contains a review of HSR bridges constructed in Germany in the past decades, and the relevant design specifications and structural design. It is shown that simply supported box girder bridges make up the majority of bridges built on the first HSR lines, Hanover–Würzburg and Mannheim–Stuttgart. On subsequently built HSR lines, however, preference was given to continuous box girder bridges. This type of bridge constitutes more than 50% of the cumulative bridge length on the HSR segments Hanover–Berlin and Cologne–Rhine/Main. On the recently constructed HSR lines, Ebensfeld–Erfurt and Erfurt–Leipzig, only 3.05 km of simply supported box girder bridges and more than 10 km of continuous box girder bridges were built. On the segment Erfurt–Leipzig 4.54 km (31.78%) of integral and semi-integral bridges, which are relatively recently developed types of structures, were built. In locations on the German HSR network where longer spans (L > 60 m) were required, arch bridges were the most commonly used bridge type. In the past 30 years, 12 concrete arch bridges (main spans ranging between 107 m and 270 m) were built on the network. Four steel arch bridges (main spans ranging between 73 m and 110 m) were completed between 1988 and 2014. In addition, four truss bridges (main spans 72–208 m) were completed between 1988 and 1996, one steel–concrete composite bridge (96 m main span) was completed in 1989, two frame bridges (135 m and 76 m main span) were completed in 1984 and 2012, respectively, and two semi-integral bridges (108 m and 90 m main span) were completed in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Arch bridges, integral bridges, and semi-integral bridges have been the most commonly constructed bridge types in recent years. The preference of stiff deep girders like simply supported box girder and continuous box girder (3.0–4.0 m) has changed to stiff structures such as continuous slab bridges, integral and semi integral bridges with thick slab beams (1.4–2.8 m).