دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی عوامل تعیین کننده عملکرد شرکت زنان کارآفرین در یک محیط خصمانه - الزویر 2018

ABSTRACT

This study examines the determinants of firm performance for women entrepreneurs in the context of an emerging economy affected by a turbulent political and socio-cultural environment. The study draws from the resource-based and institutional-based views embedded in the gender-aware 5M (money, management, market, macro/meso environments, and motherhood) model. A generalized structural equation model is used to analyze data from Egypt, the setting for this study. The study finds a positive relationship between women entrepreneurs' human capital and firm performance. However, no detectable relationship emerges between social capital and firm performance or between women's gender-related personal problems and firm performance. The findings suggest new boundary conditions in the domain of female entrepreneurship in a hostile environment, with important implications for practice and research.

8. Conclusion

Current approaches to female entrepreneurship in emerging economies require additional attention to understand how turbulent environments affect the success of women-owned businesses. Studies need to be conducted to tap into the idiosyncrasies of environments that have undergone volatile and dramatic political and socio-cultural changes, including social unrest or war in countries such as Egypt, Brazil, Venezuela, Sudan, Ukraine, or Syria. Dynamics in such settings are different from those in other emerging economies, such as the former Soviet Republics, countries of Eastern and Central Europe, and China. However, understanding how they affect business success is imperative to the country recovering and the speed of recovery. The results show that in a hostile institutional environment, only human capital matters. Social capital is not relevant. This finding has theoretical and practical implications. New theoretical approaches to studies of entrepreneurial processes, including gender-related studies, in hostile environments should be developed. Our findings also suggest that country context matters. Results of studies from other countries may not be comparable. From a practical perspective, public policy makers could use the findings to shape their approach to promoting and fostering entrepreneurship in various settings. Specifically, in hostile environments, such as the one defined in this study, more emphasis should be put on the entrepreneurs' personal abilities (i.e., their human capital) rather than on their social skills.