دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی عوامل تعیین کننده اثربخشی حسابرسی مالیاتی در تانزانیا - امرالد 2017

Abstract

Purpose – This paper aims to explore factors influencing the effectiveness of tax audit in Tanzania. The study organized factors into four categories: organizational-related, tax auditors-related, taxpayers-related and regulatory-related factors. Design/methodology/approach – The study used an explanatory approach, whereby data from 225 auditors in 23 tax regions in Tanzania were collected using a mailed questionnaire. The questionnaire had 25 statements representing factors and 5 statements representing the tax audit effectiveness. The collected data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. In the case of descriptive statistics, the study used frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. For the inferential statistics, the study used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and multiple regression analysis. Findings – The study findings showed that there were five main critical factors for tax audit effectiveness. The first factor, which is the implementation of tax auditors’ recommendations by management, was found under the organizational category. The second factor, which was adequacy of tax audit unit, was found under the tax auditors’ category, while the third factor was taxpayers’ attitude, found under the taxpayers’ category. The fourth and fifth factors, which were availability and application of regulations and standards for tax audit, and leadership and tax policies for tax audit, respectively, were found under the regulatory category. Research limitations/implications – Despite the contributions of this study, there are some limitations which need to be acknowledged. First, data were collected from tax auditors only. Second, only 25 statements for factors were used. Third, the study has used only primary data. Last, the study has used perceptual measures of tax audit effectiveness. The authors consider that if other approaches were used, they could have reached different conclusions. Therefore, future studies could be conducted in the areas where limitations have been identified. Practical implications – From a practical perspective, tax authorities may be relying heavily on tax auditors, as well as regulations and policies, for tax audit effectiveness. The study shows that taxpayers, management, as well as tax audit standards, are critical factors too. However, the study also has practical implications for governments, tax authorities, tax auditors as well taxpayers. Originality/value – This paper extends prior research in the area of tax audit and is the first paper to use four categories of factors to analyse the influence of tax audit effectiveness, taking into consideration both tax authorities and taxpayers. It also used EFA, which helped to generate variables with multiple prior theories (i.e. theoretical triangulation). Hence, new theories were combined with old theories to produce findings which take into consideration the context of the country.

5.2 Conclusion

To conclude, it can be argued that tax audit effectiveness was affected by different factors. These factors can be grouped into organizational, tax auditor, taxpayer and regulatory factors. Specifically, it can be concluded that some factors had a strong positive relationship with tax audit effectiveness, namely, the availability and application of regulations and standards for tax audit and the adequacy of the tax audit unit. These were followed, in order of importance, by implementation of tax auditors’ recommendations by management and taxpayers’ attitudes towards tax audit. Only one factor, leadership and tax policies on tax audit, was found to have a weak positive relationship. The results of this study should be of interest to both tax authorities and governments because they not only show how the effectiveness of tax audit can be measured, but the study also identifies the critical factors for tax audit effectiveness.